The earliest system used a magnetic stripe as information carrier, similar to the technology of ATMs and key cards.

As first mentioned in regard to earliest ZBD closed-core transformers, transformers are generally considered to be either core form or shell form in design depending on the type of magnetic circuit used in winding construction ( see image ).

His book represents the earliest known writing about the magnetic compass, movable type printing, experimentation with the camera obscura only decades after Ibn al-Haytham, and includes many different fields of study in essay and encyclopedic form, including geology, astronomy, botany, zoology, mineralogy, anatomy, pharmacology, geography, optics, economics, military strategy, philosophy, etc.

Outside China, these seem to be the earliest records ( the Chinese encyclopaedist Shen Kuo gave the first clear account of suspended magnetic compasses a hundred years earlier in 1088 AD with his book Mengxibitan, or Dream Pool Essays ).

The earliest CVRs used analog wire recording, later replaced by analog magnetic tape.

The earliest magnetic tape recorders, not commercially available in the U. S. until 1948, were too expensive, complicated and bulky to compete with these consumer-level wire recorders.

However, it was not until the time of Shen Kuo that the earliest magnetic compasses would be used for navigation.

In any case, Shen Kuo's writing on magnetic compasses has proved invaluable for understanding China's earliest use of the compass for seafaring navigation.

Some of the earliest work with Tritonia showed that prior to a full moon Tritonia would orient their bodies between magnetic north and east.

The earliest reference to a magnetic device used as a " direction finder " is in a Song Dynasty book dated to AD 1040-44.

The magic wheel, or magnetic wheel is a wheel that continues to spin for a long time after being started, and is one of the earliest examples of an attempt at a perpetual motion machine.

Electrostatic deflecting plates or magnetic fields then periodically manipulate the resulting electron image horizontally and vertically before an electron multiplier, or a small aperture leading to a positively-charged detector or " anode " in the case of the earliest dissector tubes.

The earliest known sound recording of Advance Australia Fair appears in " The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt ", circa 1916, a short commercial recording dramatising arrival of the Australian troops in Egypt en route to Gallipoli.

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

Nevertheless, this remains the earliest recording made by a major composer.

However, the earliest known recording of the name is from the Bible which was in existence before the Latin language was prominent.

The earliest Edison phonographs used horizontal, spring-powered drives to carry the stylus across the recording at a pre-determined rate.

* June 29 – Handel's Israel in Egypt is recorded onto wax cylinder at The Crystal Palace, it being the earliest known recording of classical music.

* April 9 – French typesetter Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville sings the French folk song " Au Clair de la Lune " to his phonautograph ; producing the world's earliest known sound recording ( however, it is not rediscovered until 2008 ).

W. C. Handy recorded one of the earliest cover versions of a ODJB song when he released a recording of " Livery Stable Blues " by Handy's Orchestra of Memphis on Columbia Records in 1917, as Columbia A2419 and Columbia 2912, recorded on September 25, 1917.

Humbert's family are thought to have originated from near Magdeburg in Saxony, with the earliest recording of the family being two 10th century brothers, Amadeus and Humbert.

Some of the tracks had been previously available on compilations or as Japanese bonus tracks, but others had been shelved for years ( the earliest recording was from the Under the Influence sessions ) or were recorded immediately prior to the album's release.

Very little programming survives from the earliest years of Australian TV ( 1956 – 1960 ) as kinescope recording to film was expensive, and most of what was recorded in this way has since been lost or destroyed.

The earliest recording method for television was telerecording, which involved recording the image from a special television monitor onto film with a modified film camera.

The earliest reference to the area is in a Latin charter of 695 recording a grant by the Bishop of the East Saxons of certain lands at Erith.

The orchestra's recording of Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring at Sound 80 studios was one of the earliest digital audio recordings to see commercial release.

Phonograph cylinders were the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound.

The earliest extant recording of " Howl " was thought to date from March 18, 1956.

At 4 ft 9 inches tall, she received the nickname Little Miss Dynamite in 1957 after recording the song " Dynamite "; and was one of the earliest pop stars to have a major contemporary international following.

The earliest controversy with Buffett was his recording of " God's Own Drunk " found on the live recorded album You Had to Be There.

The earliest relatively complete concert recording is from the 7 December 1963 show at the Liverpool Empire Theatre.

The earliest recording artists included co – owner Johnny Mercer, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, Paul Whiteman, Martha Tilton, Ella Mae Morse, the Pied Pipers, and Paul Weston and His Orchestra.

In the late 20's, Hawkins also participated in some of the earliest interracial recording sessions with the Mound City Blue Blowers.

Tylor also theorized about the origins of religious beliefs in human beings, proposing a theory of animism as the earliest stage, and noting that " religion " has many components, of which he believed the most important to be belief in supernatural beings ( as opposed to moral systems, cosmology, etc .).

The earliest mechanical television systems used spinning disks with patterns of holes punched into the disc to " scan " an image.

The earliest systems seem to have lacked formal courts.

In the earliest database systems, efficiency was perhaps the primary concern, but it was already recognized that there were other important objectives.

He also described the earliest concept of metabolism, and developed new systems of physiology to replace the Avicennian and Galenic systems, while discrediting many of their erroneous theories on the four humours, pulsation, bones, muscles, intestines, sensory organs, bilious canals, esophagus, stomach, etc.

Traditional practitioners believe its earliest origins pre-date world religions, forming the primordial blueprint for Creation's philosophies, religions, sciences, arts and political systems.

The usefulness of irrigation depends upon the ability to mobilize sufficient labor for the construction and maintenance of canals, and this, from the earliest period, has assisted the development of urban settlements and centralized systems of political authority.

The earliest form of logic was developed by the Babylonians, notably in the rigorous nonergodic nature of their social systems.

In addition to its artistic merits, the Man ' yōshū is important for using one of the earliest Japanese writing systems, the cumbersome man ' yōgana.

SimpleText evolved from TeachText, which was derived from the Edit application, a simple text editor distributed with the earliest Macintosh operating systems to demonstrate the use of the Macintosh interface and the TextEdit application programming interface.

One of the earliest ubiquitous systems was artist Natalie Jeremijenko's " Live Wire ", also known as " Dangling String ", installed at Xerox PARC during Mark Weiser's time there.

The date of Friday December 13 20: 45: 52 1901 is significant for modern computers because it is the earliest date representable with a signed 32-bit integer on systems that reference time in seconds since the Unix epoch.

Approaches to supercomputer architecture have taken dramatic turns since the earliest systems were introduced in the 1960s.

A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine.

ACD systems are often found in offices that handle large volumes of incoming phone calls from callers who have no need to talk to a specific person but who require assistance from any of multiple persons ( e. g., customer service representatives ) at the earliest opportunity.

The irrigation works of ancient Sri Lanka, the earliest dating from about 300 BCE, in the reign of King Pandukabhaya and under continuous development for the next thousand years, were one of the most complex irrigation systems of the ancient world.

The earliest recorded systems of genre in Western history can be traced back to Plato and Aristotle.

This taxonomy implies a concept of containment or that an idea will be stable forever. The earliest recorded systems of genre in Western history can be traced back to Plato and Aristotle.

One of the earliest antecedents of modern jury systems are juries in ancient Greece, including the city-state of Athens, where records of jury courts date back to 500 BCE.

The majority of Gundam, including the earliest series, occur in the Universal Century ( UC ) calendar, with later series set in alternate calendars or timelines mostly unrelated to the UC system ( at least three of these calendar systems were actually initially numbered after the year that the series premiered, with 1979's Mobile Suit Gundam taking place in UC 0079, 1995's Mobile Suit Gundam Wing in After Colony 195, and 2007's Mobile Suit Gundam 00 taking place in 2307 ).

Conducted from the roof of the Franklin School to Bell's laboratory at 1325 ' L ' Street, this was the world's first wireless telephone communication ( away from their laboratory ), thus making the Photophone the world's earliest known radiophone and wireless telephone systems.

Its earliest non-experimental use came with military communication systems during World War II, its key advantage being that its light-based transmissions could not be intercepted by the enemy.

The earliest systems used the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ) for the return path since very few cable systems were bi-directional.