The Bridgewater Foundry, pictured in 1839-one of the earliest factories to use an almost modern layout, work flow and material handling system.

The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known.

In the earliest Indian astronomy texts, the year was believed to be 360 days long, similar to that of Babylonian astrology, but the rest of the early astrological system bears little resemblance.

Although not normally thought of as biotechnology, agriculture clearly fits the broad definition of " using a biotechnological system to make products " such that the cultivation of plants may be viewed as the earliest biotechnological enterprise.

Parallels to the earliest Babylonian ( Sumerian ) star catalogues suggest that the ancient Chinese system did not arise independently from that of the Ancient Near East.

Urukagina ( reigned c. 2380 BC – 2360 BC, short chronology ) had an early code that has not survived ; a later king, Ur-Nammu, left the earliest extant written law-system, the Code of Ur-Nammu ( c. 2100-2050 BC ), which prescribed a formal system of penalties for specific cases in 57 articles.

In the 16th and the 17th centuries, the earliest European arrivals in China, the Christian Jesuits, considered Confucianism to be an ethical system, not a religion, and one that was compatible with Christianity.

The instrument was once sometimes referred to as a cornopean, referencing the earliest cornets with the Stölzel valve system.

Æthelberht ’ s law for Kent, the earliest written code in any Germanic language, instituted a complex system of fines.

One of the earliest stipulations of O ' Sullivan was that the basic system would always remain free to the public over the internet, and the PDF of the 1995 version still is.

It is bracketed at the old end by the dates of the earliest solar system material at 4. 567 Ga, ( gigaannum: billion years ago ) and the age of the Earth at 4. 54 Ga at the beginning of the informally recognized Hadean eon.

Some of his earliest extant writings, such as The Ox ( 1510 ) and The Labyrinth ( 1516 ), attacked the mercenary system using allegory and satire.

The earliest definition of hypnosis was given by Braid, who coined the term " hypnotism " as an abbreviation for " neuro-hypnotism ", or nervous sleep, which he opposed to normal sleep, and defined as: " a peculiar condition of the nervous system, induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and visual eye, on one object, not of an exciting nature.

The earliest computer courses were started at IIT Kanpur in August 1963 on an IBM 1620 system.

The earliest instance of the term in English, used to mean " the profession or practice of the Jewish religion ; the religious system or polity of the Jews ", is Robert Fabyan's The newe cronycles of Englande and of Fraunce a 1513.

* The earliest date for summer solstice in Julian calendar system, which corresponds to June 23:

The earliest Mediaeval music did not have any kind of notational system.

Sumerian temples functioned as banks and developed the first large-scale system of loans and credit, but the Babylonians developed the earliest system of commercial banking.

The earliest reports of Germanic militia was the system of hundreds which was described in 98 A. D. by Tacitus as the centeni.

The Vinča culture may have created the earliest system of writing, the Vinča signs, though it is almost universally accepted amongst archeologists that the Sumerian cuneiform script was the earliest true form of writing and the Vinča signs most likely represented pictograms and ideograms rather than a truly developed form of writing.

The earliest versions, however, especially those models with the Bosch K-Jetronic ( CIS ) injection system, have few electronic components and therefore can be repaired more easily provided spare parts can be found.

* The late 9th century BC siege system surrounding Tell es-Safi / Gath, Israel, consists of a 2. 5 km long siege trench, towers and other elements, and is the earliest evidence of a circumvallation system known in the world.

Because negative pressure dialysis gave better recovery of proteins, permitted detection of proteins concentrated from very dilute solutions and was a gentler procedure, it was used in all but the earliest experiments.

Although Dio is the earliest writer to mention them, Ammianus Marcellinus used the name to refer to Germans on the Limes Germanicus in the time of Trajan's governorship of the province shortly after it was formed, circa 98 / 99.

The earliest mechanical television systems used spinning disks with patterns of holes punched into the disc to " scan " an image.

The earliest written records indicate the Egyptians and Babylonians used all the elementary arithmetic operations as early as 2000 BC.

In his earliest work, Against the Heathen-On the Incarnation, written before 319, he repeatedly quoted Plato and used a definition from the Organon of Aristotle.

The term epískopos was not from the earliest times clearly distinguished from the term presbýteros (" elder ", " senior ", nowadays used to signify a priest ), but the term was already clearly used in the sense of the order or office of bishop, distinct from that of priest in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch ( died c. 108 ), and sources from the middle of the 2nd century undoubtedly set forth that all the chief centres of Christianity recognized and had the office of bishop, using a form of organization that remained universal until the Protestant Reformation.

The earliest writings of the Apostolic Fathers, the Didache and the First Epistle of Clement for example, show the church used two terms for local church offices — presbyters ( seen by many as an interchangeable term with episcopos or overseer ) and deacon.

" The earliest known use of the Greek word symphonia, dates back to Pythagoras, born in the 6th century BCE, who has used the term.

" The earliest known use of the Greek word symphonia, dates back to Pythagoras, born in the 6th century BCE, who has used the term.

This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

CVD oxide invariably has lower quality than thermal oxide, but thermal oxidation can only be used in the earliest stages of IC manufacturing.

The earliest textual evidence of the handheld crossbow used in battle dates to the 4th century BC.

First used in China, cannon were among the earliest forms of gunpowder artillery, and over time replaced siege engines — among other forms of aging weaponry — on the battlefield.

Perhaps the earliest algorithms used in speech encoding ( and audio data compression in general ) were the A-law algorithm and the µ-law algorithm.

The earliest of these were for in-band signaling between switching centers, where long-distance telephone operators used a 16-digit keypad to input the next portion of the destination telephone number in order to contact the next downstream long-distance telephone operator.

She is often cited as one of the earliest dominatrices, although she herself used the title of " Governess ".

In Neolithic times, daggers were made of materials such as flint, ivory or bone and were used as weapons since the earliest periods of human civilization.

Another method specified by Chinese texts — the earliest dating to 1110 — specified the use of saponin ( from the beans of Gleditschia sinensis ) to extract hormones, but gypsum ( containing calcium sulfate ) was also known to have been used.

As suggested by the etymology of the word, one of the earliest reasons for interest in geometry was surveying, and certain practical results from Euclidean geometry, such as the right-angle property of the 3-4-5 triangle, were used long before they were proved formally.

Eucharist: the Greek noun εὐχαριστία ( eucharistia ), meaning " thanksgiving ", is not used in the New Testament as a name for the rite ; however, the related verb is found in New Testament texts concerning the Last Supper, including the earliest:

He seems not to have used it in his early plays at all, The Trojan Women being the earliest appearance of it in an extant play-it's symptomatic of a curious archaizing tendency evident in his later works.

In ancient Japan, the earliest titles for the sovereign were either ヤマト大王 / 大君 ( yamato ōkimi, Grand King of Yamato ), 倭王 / 倭国王 ( waō / wakokuō, King of Wa, used externally ), or 治天下大王 ( amenoshita shiroshimesu ōkimi, Grand King who rules all under heaven, used internally ).