The earliest known owner of the Beowulf manuscript is the 16th-century scholar Laurence Nowell, after whom the manuscript is named, though its official designation is British Library, Cotton Vitellius A. XV because it was one of Robert Bruce Cotton's holdings in the Cotton Library in the middle of the 17th century.

The Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria created the earliest known automatic door in the 1st century CE during the era of Roman Egypt.

The earliest forms of the name enabled place-name scholar William J. Watson to show that the name originally meant something like " yew-place ".

However, the earliest known idea to indicate the possibility of diseases spreading by yet unseen organisms was that of the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro in a 1st century BC book titled On Agriculture in which he warns against locating a homestead near swamps:

In the case of Macbeth, mainstream scholar A. R. Braunmuller, in the New Cambridge edition, finds the post-1605 arguments for the play inconclusive, and argues only for an earliest date of 1603.

Francesco Petrarca ( 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374 ), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar and poet, and one of the earliest humanists.

Tycho later wrote that when he was around age two, his uncle, Danish nobleman Jørgen Thygesen Brahe, " without the knowledge of my parents took me away with him while I was in my earliest youth to become a scholar ".

He also investigated the use of lenses as projectors and should be credited as the earliest inventor, developer and designer of the Magic Lantern rather than German scholar Athanasius Kircher who merely used much of Huygens research ( often quite inaccurately ) to document and publish on the subject.

Though he does not regard himself as a Historical Jesus scholar, he suggests that Jesus was a wandering sage, similar in style to the Greco-Roman cynics, and that the earliest " Jesus Movements " followed a similar model.

The earliest known advocates of British Israelism include M. le Loyer, an early 16th-century French Huguenot magistrate ; Adriaan van der Schrieck, a Flemish scholar ( d. 1621 ); Vincenzo Galilei ; the English antiquarian Henry Spelman ; Jakob Abbadie ; and John Sadler.

The scholar Helmut Koester considers him the earliest surviving witness of this tradition.

One of the earliest descriptions of a food chain was described by a medieval Afro-Arab scholar named Al-Jahiz: " All animals, in short, cannot exist without food, neither can the hunting animal escape being hunted in his turn.

Hu Shih, literary scholar and then Ambassador to the United States, wrote in the Introduction to Waley's 1942 abridgement, Monkey, that the people of Wu's hometown, attributed it early on to Wu, and kept records to that effect as early as 1625 ; thus, claimed Ambassador Hu, Journey to the West was one of the earliest Chinese novels for which the authorship is officially documented.

The earliest surviving commentaries appear to be those of the 10th-century Kashmirian scholar Vallabhadeva.

He was a Cambridge scholar and renowned horticulturalist ; George Simonds Boulger writes of Uvedale in the Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 58: As a horticulturist Uvedale earned a reputation for his skill in cultivating exotics, being one of the earliest possessors of hothouses in England.

It is the most extensive inscription ever recovered that refers to the kingdom of Israel ( the " House of Omri "), it bears the earliest certain extra-biblical reference to the Israelite god Yahweh, and, if French scholar André Lemaire's reconstruction of a portion of line 31 is correct, the earliest mention of the " House of David " ( i. e., the kingdom of Judah ).

Ludovico Antonio Muratori ( October 21, 1672 – January 23, 1750 ) was an Italian historian, notable as a leading scholar of his age, and for his discovery of the Muratorian fragment, the earliest known list of New Testament books.

The earliest works on " the social organization of ants " and " animal communication and psychology " were written by al-Jahiz, a 9th century Afro-Arab scholar who wrote many works on these subjects.

Having been a scholar and minor fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, Thomas Robinson gained his earliest diplomatic experience in Paris and then went to Vienna, where he was English ambassador from 1730 to 1748.

The earliest references to Kapisa appear in the writings of fifth century BCE Indian scholar Pāṇini.

The earliest post-Han scholar known to have researched and emended this dictionary, albeit badly, was Lǐ Yángbīng ( 李陽冰, fl.

The Qieyun zhizhangtu, incorrectly attributed to the 11th century scholar Sima Guang, was believed to be the oldest of the rime tables, and was used in the earliest reconstruction efforts.

Dr. Crumley was a classical scholar who also was one of Ohio's early state foresters, who managed the purchase of the original land for Zaleski State Forest and Hocking State Forest, and who wrote one of the earliest practical handbooks on forestry.

A man in a novel who is defeated in his childhood and condemned by unconscious forces within him to tiredly repeat his earliest failure in love, only makes us a little weary of man ; ;

That first entry there is the Vermont Flumenophobe, the earliest and one of the most successful of my eighty-three varieties -- great big scapulars and hardly any primaries at all.

Fing, a lean, chiseled, impeccable gentleman of the old school who was once mistaken on the street for Sir Cedric Hardwicke, is responsible for the rediscovery of Verdi's earliest, most raucous opera, Nabisco, a sumptuous bout-de-souffle with a haunting leitmotiv that struck me as being highly reminiscent of the Mudugno version of `` Volare ''.

`` Neutral Tones '' is an excellent example of Hardy's mature style, drawn from his earliest productive period ; ;

The earliest certain ancestor of " A " is aleph ( also called ' aleph ), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet ( which, by consisting entirely of consonants, is an abjad rather than a true alphabet ).

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the " Mister of the animals ", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute.

The earliest Greek word for a statue is " delight " ( άγαλμα: agalma ), and the sculptors tried to create forms which would inspire such guiding vision.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

It is unknown whether the earliest alphabets had a defined sequence.

The earliest attested name is the Hittite Assuwa a region in central-western Anatolia which seems to be connected with the Mycenean Greek epithet a-si-wi-ja in Linear B inscriptions found at Pylos.

The earliest Mongolic language of which we have written evidence is known as Middle Mongol.

The earliest Para-Mongolic text is the Memorial for Yelu Yanning, written in the Khitan Large Script and dated to 986 AD.

Eastern Anatolia, along side Mesopotamia and the Levant, is also a heart region for the Neolithic revolution, one of the earliest areas in which humans domesticated plants and animals.

The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known.

The earliest recorded use of this term in English is in Thomas Hacket's 1568 translation of André Thévet's book on France Antarctique ; Thévet himself had referred to the natives as Ameriques.

This is the earliest use of Germania.

Although Dio is the earliest writer to mention them, Ammianus Marcellinus used the name to refer to Germans on the Limes Germanicus in the time of Trajan's governorship of the province shortly after it was formed, circa 98 / 99.

His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.

The earliest documented event in Alaric's reign concerned providing refuge to Syagrius, the former ruler of the Domain of Soissons ( in what is now north western France ) who had been defeated by Clovis I King of the Franks.

The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek feminine noun a-re-ka-sa-da-ra ( transliterated as Alexandra ), written in Linear B syllabic script.