Full cost accounting, triple bottom line, measuring well-being and other proposals for accounting reform often include proposals to measure an " ecological deficit " or " natural deficit " alongside a social deficit and financial deficit.

The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened the ecological situation.

During this crash, millions of people died, half the world's arable land became infertile, the world's financial and ecological resources became drained, and the world economy collapsed.

Forest management plans include recommendations to achieve the landowner's objectives and desired future condition for the property subject to ecological, financial, logistical ( e. g. access to resources ), and other constraints.

This study was criticized by pre-ecological and even some environmental economists-for being inconsistent with assumptions of financial capital valuation-and ecological economists-for being inconsistent with an ecological economics focus on biological and physical indicators.

Biodiversity measures in particular appear to be the most promising way to reconcile financial and ecological values, and there are many active efforts in this regard.

Methods for assessment of risk may differ between industries and whether it pertains to general financial decisions or environmental, ecological, or public health risk assessment.

Theorists such as Robert Mundell ( and more radical thinkers such as James Robertson ) see a role for global monetary reform as part of a system of global institutions alongside the United Nations to provide global ecological management and move towards world peace, with Robert Mundell in particular advocating the revived use of gold as a stabilising factor in the international financial system.

As it is, people in developed nations can be said to benefit 15 times more from ecological devastation than in developing nations, in pure financial terms.

Critics from defenders of proprietorship sometimes assert that the All People's Right threatens the essence of ownership and the " management practices " of property owners, who may or may not have created and preserved environmentally important qualities Private owners and their representatives have also argued that newly created access rights ought to lead to financial compensation for private landowners, though they tend to also argue that there should be no corresponding compensation for people who historically tended now-expropriated land in common, with proven ecological records — for example, aboriginals.

Recent research has included studies of the processes leading to the emergence of early life, evolutionary computation, metabolic and ecological scaling laws, the fundamental properties of cities, the evolutionary diversification of viral strains, the interactions and conflicts of primate social groups, the history of languages, the structure and dynamics of species interactions including food webs, the dynamics of financial markets, and the emergence of hierarchy and cooperation in the human species, and biological and technological innovation.

A revised plan published on 25 August 2004 reduced the number of lanes substantially ( 2-3 lanes + bus lane in each direction depending on the section ), reducing the financial and ecological impact.

iii ) Does this action bring an acceptable financial, ecological and / or social return on investment ?.

It would reduce the travel distance by some and transit time by some 36 hours, but is beset by a number of financial and ecological questions.

Spraying is very effective at protecting the pines, but is not recommended for large-scale use due to ecological and financial reasons.

This family has a remarkable ecological and economical importance, and is present from the polar regions to the tropics, colonizing all available habitats.

In recent years, however, the ecological importance of the river has warranted a vast restoration effort, and the river today has a wide variety of economical and recreational uses.

The area is of great ecological and landscape importance, particularly because of the coastal and estuarine habitats along the edge of the Solent.

Peter A. Walker traces the importance of the ecological sciences in political ecology ( Walker 2005, p. 74 ).

In many regions the forest industry is of major ecological, economic, and social importance.

It is one of the major insect orders both in terms of ecological and human ( medical and economic ) importance.

The importance is in fact that all this together make the Guiana Shield one of the best protected and largest ecological corridor of tropical rainforests in the world.

It is a unique ecological system covering more than and a mosaic of creeks, open water, perennial marshes, seasonal wetlands, riparian forests, oak woodlands and grasslands ... As the receiving water of a watershed where most of the county's human population lives, it is a landscape feature of critical importance to Sonoma County's water quality, flood control, and biodiversity.

The Turdidae group have a great ecological importance because some populations migrate long distances and they disperse the seeds of many endangered species into the swallow berries at new sites helping to eliminate inbreeding and increasing the genetic diversity of plant species.

Although some recreational activities such as archery and horseback riding are practiced here, the importance of this area is primarily as a ecological preserve for various species of flora and fauna, such as snakes and lizards.

Its ecological importance is immense, since it is home to one of the richest ecosystems ever found to date, with periodically flooded seasonal forests.

In 2000, the entire Sound was designated as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, further emphasizing its ecological importance ; however, this was in no way legally binding in preventing companies from logging in the future.

This principle is a major contribution to general ecological theories which highlight the importance of relationships among the various components of the landscape.

Water table conditions are of great importance for drinking water supplies, agricultural irrigation, waste disposal ( including nuclear waste ), wildlife habitat, and other ecological issues.

Current initiatives to effectively manage, share, and reuse ecological data are indicative of the increasing importance of data provenance.

Amte devoted his life to many other social causes, the most notable among which were generating public awareness of importance of ecological balance, wildlife preservation, and the Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Ivies are of major ecological importance for their nectar and fruit production, both produced at times of the year when few other nectar or fruit sources are available.

This is to preserve areas that have importance regarding “ recreation, ecological, historical, or aesthetic values, or that are threatened by conversion from their natural, undeveloped, or recreational state .” The National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) through the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management will administer the programs

Irrespective of current taxonomic status, many of the species originally included in the Bombacaceae are of considerable ecological, historical, horticultural, and economic importance, such as balsa, kapok, baobab and Durian.

The significance of the work on ecological genetics is that it has shown how important selection is in the evolution of natural populations, and that selection is a much stronger force than was envisaged even by those population geneticists who believed in its importance, such as Haldane and Fisher.

During an interview in 2006, Creme confirmed his views on the importance of crop circles: " The UFOs have an enormous part to play in the security of this planet at the ecological level.

Another area of ecological importance is Clemenstone Meadows, directly to the north of the village, comprising 2 traditionally managed meadows on either side of a brook that support a number of rare plant species.

By 1994, they were emphasizing the importance of the Bow's ecological balance as a whole for maintaining its water quality and quantity.

* Siberian Crane Wetland Project ( SCWP ) is a six-year effort to sustain the ecological integrity of a network of globally important wetlands in Asia that are of critical importance for migratory waterbirds and other wetland biodiversity, using the globally threatened Siberian Crane as a flagship species.

Olav Hammer suggests that anthroposophy carries scientism " to lengths unparalleled in any other Esoteric position " due to its dependence upon claims of clairvoyant experience, its subsuming natural science under " spiritual science ", and its development of what Hammer calls " fringe " sciences such as anthroposophical medicine and biodynamic agriculture justified partly on the basis of the ethical and ecological values they promote, rather than purely on a scientific basis.

Evolutionary concepts on adaptation and natural selection became cornerstones of modern ecological theory.

This contrasts against the modern understanding of ecological theory where varieties are viewed as the real phenomena of interest and having a role in the origins of adaptations by means of natural selection.

" In Newtonian fashion, he brought a scientific exactitude for measurement into natural history and even alluded to concepts that are the foundation of a modern ecological law on species-to-area relationships.

The strength of natural selection in the wild was greater than expected ; the effect of ecological factors such as niche occupation and the significance of barriers to gene flow are all important.

In addition, pressure from natural selection is especially intense, as peripheral isolated populations exist at the outer edges of ecological tolerance.

Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals ; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions.

Hunting advocates state that hunting can be a necessary component of modern wildlife management, for example to help maintain a population of healthy animals within an environment's ecological carrying capacity when natural checks such as predators are absent.

It seeks to prevent ecological disasters caused by imported organisms or untested genetic technologies, and to augment and increase local natural capital by encouraging soil remediation, precision agriculture, and local consumption of the native species, rather than imported organisms and heavy use of pesticides.

Accordingly, conservation in the Neotropic zone is a hot political concern, and raises many arguments about development versus indigenous versus ecological rights and access to or ownership of natural resources.

It is one approach to ecosystem valuation, an alternative to the traditional view of all non-human life as passive natural resources, and to the idea of ecological health.

The World Bank now calculates the genuine savings rate of a country, taking into account the extraction of natural resources and the ecological damage caused by CO < sub > 2 </ sub > emissions.

One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing " strong " sustainability and rejecting the proposition that natural capital can be substituted by human-made capital.

Use and indirect use are tangible benefits accruing from natural resources or ecosystem services ( see the nature section of ecological economics ).

Many see the breakdown of traditional forms of community, wasteful consumerist lifestyles, the destruction of natural habitat, urban sprawl, factory farming, and over-reliance on fossil fuels, as trends that must be changed to avert ecological disaster.

Ecological selection ( or environmental selection or survival selection or individual selection or asexual selection ) refers to natural selection minus sexual selection, i. e. strictly ecological processes that operate on a species ' inherited traits without reference to mating or secondary sex characteristics.

In cases where ecological and sexual selection factors are strongly at odds, simultaneously encouraging and discouraging the same traits, it may also be important to distinguish them as sub-processes within natural selection.

In general, ecological selection is assumed to be the dominant process in natural selection, except in highly cognitive species that do not, or do not always, pair bond, e. g. walrus, gorilla, human.

For example, if only a few closely related males survive a natural disaster, and all are able to mate very widely due to lack of males, sexual selection has been suppressed by an ecological selection ( the disaster ).

For another example, in a region devastated by nuclear radiation, such as the Bikini Atoll, capacity to survive gamma rays to sexual maturity and ( for the female ) to term is a key ecological selection factor, although it is neither " natural " nor sexual.

Some would call this too artificial selection, not natural or ecological, as the radiation does not enter the ecology as a factor save due to man's effort.

Raisio also develops ecological and healthy solutions that preserves natural resources.

* Permaculture – theory of ecological design which attempts to develop sustainable human settlements and agricultural systems modeled from natural ecosystems.