Sapir was now more preoccupied with testing hypotheses about historical relationships between the Na-Dene languages than with documenting endangered languages, in effect becoming a theoretician.

Mingroni has proposed heterosis ( hybrid vigor associated with historical reductions of the levels of inbreeding ) as an alternative explanation of the Flynn effect as it pertains to increases of g.

) The effect of historical and geographic difference along each of these three axes is to create widely divergent structures and traditions defining “ monarchy .”

For information about the changeover from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar and the effect on the dating of historical events etc., see Old Style and New Style dates.

The historical nature of the meeting is made more remarkable by the additional, separate pledges that were scripted for the monarchs ' armies – in their respective vernaculars – to the effect that, for each " soldier ": should their own lord-king unilaterally break the oath just pledged ( to the other king ), then, each " soldier of the oath " promises not to help his master against the abused other monarch.

Two historical events during the nineteenth century had a great effect in the further development of physical geography.

Spielberg responded, saying that in many scenes he opted to replace sound military tactics and strict historical accuracy for dramatic effect.

Tolkien, however, is not simply skimming historical sources for effect: linguistic styles, especially the relationship between the modern and ancient, has been seen to be one of the major themes explored by the story.

" This contains historical notes relating to the Chinese Exclusion Act, which is no longer in effect.

The construction of new airports or addition of runways to existing airports, is often resisted by local residents because of the effect on countryside, historical sites, local flora and fauna.

While Tolstoy's work has a greater emphasis on the historical detail and the effect the war has upon his protagonists, Thackeray instead uses the conflict as more of a backdrop to the lives of his characters.

The term " Quadruple Alliance " ( Quadruplex Foedus ) refers to several historical military alliances ; none of which remain in effect.

Contrastingly, many historians reject essentialism as a form of determinism and prefer to contextualize cultural tropes within a broader lens of historical cause and effect.

The historical dictum to brush hair with one hundred strokes every day is somewhat archaic, dating from a time when hair was washed less frequently ; the brushstrokes would spread the scalp's natural oils down through the hair, creating a protective effect.

" We are not witnessing an end of writing which, to follow McLuhan's ideological representation, would restore a transparency or immediacy of social relations ; but indeed a more and more powerful historical unfolding of a general writing of which the system of speech, consciousness, meaning, presence, truth, etc., would only be an effect, to be analyzed as such.

That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity —" the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form ; Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity ," as Raymond Williams puts it.

The resulting effect, other historical factors helping, is a negative perception of Quebec French traits by some of the Quebecers themselves, coupled with a desire to improve their language by conforming it to the Metropolitan French norm.

It's hard not to wonder if the filmmakers have some kind of subconscious agenda .... They have made a film that will have the effect of inoculating audiences against the unique historical horror of Oradour — and implicitly rehabilitating the Nazis while making the British seem as evil as history's worst monsters .... So it's no wonder that the British press sees this film as a kind of blood libel against the British people.

A historical oddity of the Triumvirate is that it was, in effect, a three-man directorate with dictatorial powers which included Antony, who as consul in 44 BC had obtained a lex Antonia which had abolished the dictatorship and expunged it from the Republic's constitutions.

However, from a historical and scientific standpoint, the alleged results may have been mainly due to mere belief by their users that they would be effective ( i. e., the placebo effect ).

Authorship of the poem is attributed to Ibycus on textual and historical grounds but its quality as verse is open to debate: " insipid ", " inept and slovenly " or, more gently, " not an unqualified success " and optimally " the work of a poet realizing a new vision, with a great command of epic material which he could manipulate for encomiastic effect.

* Orders ( Les Ordres ), a historical film drama, directed in 1974 and based on the events of the October Crisis and the War Measures Act ; concerning the effect it had on people in Quebec.

The segment often included " News of the Past " which lampooned historical events, and " News of the Future ", predicting unlikely or bizarre future stories to comic effect.

The St. Joseph River was once a major transportation route for Native American tribes in the area, especially the Potawatomi, and a historical marker to that effect has been placed on Moccasin Trail north of Buchanan near Batchelors Island.

In The Roman Revolution, Syme first used, with dazzling effect, the historical method of prosopography -- tracing the linkages of kinship, marriage, and shared interest among the various leading families of republican and imperial Rome.

But these journeys had little permanent effect on East-West trade because of a series of political developments in Asia in the last decades of the 14th century, which put an end to further European exploration of Asia.

Because of the superlative storm of 1833 and the recent developments in scientific thought of the time ( see for example the identification of Halley's Comet ) the Leonids have had a major effect on the development of the scientific study of meteors which had previously been thought to be atmospheric phenomena.

The original English statute itself may still be in effect in a number of US states or Canadian provinces, depending on the constitutional or reception statute of English law, and any subsequent legislative developments.

It is important to note that ancient precedent existed for alternative theories and developments which prefigured later discoveries in the area of physics and mechanics ; but in the absence of a strong empirical tradition, dominance of the Aristotelian school, and in light of the limited number of works to survive translation in an era when many books were lost to warfare, such developments remained obscure for centuries and are traditionally held to have had little effect on the re-discovery of such phenomena ; whereas the invention of the printing press made the wide dissemination of such incremental advances of knowledge commonplace.

These developments were to have a profound effect on his poetry, and his subsequent explorations of Irish identity had a significant influence on the creation of his country's biography.

The London Sustainable Development Commission has calculated that for housing to meet the 60 % target, all new developments would have to be constructed to be carbon-neutral with immediate effect ( using zero energy building techniques ), in addition to cutting energy used in existing housing by 40 %.

When Justinian sent a second embassy protesting these developments, Hilderic replied, in effect, that Justinian had no authority to make these demands.

In view of the recent developments in trading and commercial practices and to give effect to important judicial pronouncements, a need for simplification and harmonization of trademark management systems was felt.

" The effect of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: a review of recent developments " Global and Planetary Change, Volume 20, Issue 4, May 1999, Pages 205-225.

Arising simultaneously with these developments were wider issues: firstly, in the United States, an ever-widening interpretation by the Courts of insurance coverage in relation to workers ' compensation in relation to asbestos-related losses, which had the effect of creating a huge, and initially not recognised and then not acknowledged hole in Lloyd's reserves.

French literary developments of the 19th and 20th centuries have had a particularly strong effect on modern world literature, including: symbolism, naturalism, the " roman-fleuves " of Balzac, Zola and Proust, surrealism, existentialism, and the " Theatre of the Absurd ".

This had the effect that the low cost non-European TV manufacturers would not only have to pay royalties to the EU manufacturers but would also not have direct access to the technology and hence would always be behind with new developments.

In effect, however, Muybridge had achieved the aesthetic opposite to modern bullet-time sequences, since his studies lacked the dimensionality of the later developments.

Recent theoretical developments in landscape ecology have emphasized the relationship between pattern and process, as well as the effect that changes in spatial scale has on the potential to extrapolate information across scales.

In 1964, Alabama Republicans stood to benefit from the unintended consequences of two developments: ( 1 ) Governor Wallace vacating the race for the Democratic presidential nomination against President Johnson, and ( 2 ) the designation of unpledged Democratic electors in Alabama, in effect removing President Johnson from the general election ballot.

There has been increasing concern since 2006 over the " wall effect " caused by uniform high-rise developments which adversely impact air circulation.

This has had a detrimental effect on the retail trade in Lurgan in the same way that out-of-town shopping developments in other parts of Northern Ireland have damaged other traditional town centres.

There is currently some controversy over the " wall effect " caused by uniform high-rise developments which adversely impact air circulation.

After the Führer-Directive, ordering all developments not ready for mass-production within a year to be suspended with immediate effect, Erich Warsitz dedicated himself fully to his work as chief test pilot at Peenemünde-West.

Technological developments have also lead to improvements in the efficiency of the use of energy and other resources, but, most importantly, the warnings from Malthus onward have finally had their effect as may be seen from the population-limiting policies followed by China and, more hesitantly, by India.

Brought on by the " push " of overpopulation in rural areas that could not sustain themselves under the seigneurial system of land tenure, but also because the expansion of this system was in effect blocked by the " Château Clique " that ruled the Province of Quebec under the new British governors, who reserved new land developments for the English and the English system of colonization ( see Eastern Townships ) and the " pull " of industrialization in New England, approximately 900, 000 residents of Quebec ( French Canadian for the great majority ) left for the United States seeking work.

Other original Islamic developments included the saqiya with a flywheel effect from Islamic Spain, the reciprocating suction pump and crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism from Iraq, the geared and hydropowered water supply system from Syria, and the water purification methods of Islamic chemists.

The setting up of a Christian mission at Ludhiana in 1835 ( where a printing press was installed for using Gurmukhi fonts, and which also issued the first Punjabi grammar in 1838 ), the publication of a Punjabi dictionary by Reverend J. Newton in 1854 and the ripple-down effect of the strengthening and modernizing the education system under the patronage of the Singh Sabha Movement in 1860s, were some of the developments that made it possible for ‘ modernism ’ to emerge in Punjabi literary culture.

The effect of Sprague's developments in electric traction was to permit an expansion in the size of cities, while his development of the elevator permitted greater concentration in cities ' commercial sections and increased the profitability of commercial buildings.