The western valleys, along the Haitian border, remain relatively dry, with less than of annual precipitation, due to the rain shadow effect caused by the central and northern mountain ranges.

Early Voortrekker accounts describe how the lands surrounding the mountain retreat of the Basotho had been burnt and destroyed, in effect leaving a vacuum that subsequent Voortrekkers began to occupy.

In electromagnetic wave propagation, the knife-edge effect or edge diffraction is a redirection by diffraction of a portion of the incident radiation that strikes a well-defined obstacle such as a mountain range or the edge of a building.

Four major mountain ranges lie between Death Valley and the ocean, each one adding to an increasingly drier rain shadow effect, and in 1929 and 1953 no rain was recorded for the whole year.

This mountain range has the cooling effect of a third pole and has set the angle of Darkover's axis of rotation to be more extreme than that of Earth's which causes an extreme fluctuation between summer and winter temperatures in its equatorial region.

As the fire-bombing campaign took effect, Japanese war planners were forced to expend significant resources to relocate vital war industries to remote caves and mountain bunkers, reducing production of war material.

The Chittagong Hills constitute the only significant hill system in the country and, in effect, are the western fringe of the north-south mountain ranges of Burma and eastern India.

Altitude sickness — also known as acute mountain sickness ( AMS ), altitude illness, hypobaropathy, or soroche — is a pathological effect of high altitude on humans, caused by acute exposure to low partial pressure of oxygen at high altitude.

In Edgar Allan Poe's short story " Descent into the maelstrom ," the narrator, looking down on the whirlpool from a mountain, refers to the water as " the howling Phlegethon below ," signifying its danger and coiling effect.

In meteorology, the Coandă effect theory has also been applied to some air streams flowing out of mountain ranges such as the Carpathian Mountains and Transylvanian Alps, where effects on agriculture and vegetation have been noted.

This effect is not restricted to astronauts in space ; a climber's time is passing slightly faster at the top of a mountain ( a high altitude, far from the Earth's center of gravity ) compared to people at sea level.

The government, however, argued that " a mountain of evidence " indicated that these acts in the aggregate did have a substantial effect ; for this proposition it relied on Wickard v. Filburn ( 1942 ), which held that Congress could regulate an individual act that lacked a substantial effect on interstate commerce if, when aggregated, acts of that sort had the required relation to interstate commerce.

* North-East Scotland, south-westerly winds create a Föhn effect bringing relatively warm temperatures on the lee side of the Grampians and Cairngorm mountain ranges.

There may be some disturbance from visitors at night and from the construction of a NATO radar station on the summit of Mount Areeiro, and in the longer term climate change may have an adverse effect, since all nests are within 1, 000 m ( 3250 ft ) of the top of the highest mountain in the breeding area.

In Sweden, " fjäll " refers to any mountain or upland high enough that forest will not naturally survive at the top, in effect a mountain tundra.

The mountain range also gives its name to a meteorological effect when cold air from the Atlantic coast meets warm air of southern winds from the Mediterranean and causes heavy autumnal downpours, often leading to floods.

The effect may be enhanced if the lower lying ground is shaded by the mountain and so receives less heat.

The clouds break the background mountains into a central pyramid composition and a secondary pyramid, by softening the mountain line, he makes the immobile effect more pronounced.

Its central location between a plain and a mountain has made it commercially and strategically significant and has had a great effect on its growth.

Chaco Canyon lies on the leeward side of extensive mountain ranges to the south and west, resulting in a rainshadow effect that fosters the prevailing lack of moisture in the region.

For centralization of administrative and operational control, the entire force was re-organized into 10 infantry units, 3 mountain batteries and a regimental centre with effect from 1 November 1975.

The effect was to deceive everyone on the flight deck, making them believe that the white mountainside was the Ross Ice Shelf, a huge expanse of floating ice derived from the great ice sheets of Antarctica, which was in fact now behind the mountain.

Besides direct effect of asteroid impacts on a planet's surface topography, global climate and life, recent studies have shown that several consecutive impacts can have effect on the dynamo mechanism at a planet's core responsible for maintaining the magnetic field of the planet, and can eventually shut down the planet's magnetic field.

He was willing to make subtle alternations to topography for artistic effect.

The effect of local topography has resulted in the following major components of Bras d ' Or Lake:

The asymmetry of the structure lead some geologists to conclude that the projectile had a very low angle trajectory from the north or northwest, while others suggest that the asymmetry may be at least partly due to the effect of pre-existing topography.

Its climate is greatly influenced by the topography ; the mountains exert a barrier effect to the passage of hot and wet air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in elevated precipitation throughout the year.

Such systems ubiquitously develop a surface low-pressure system in the northwestern Texas and western Oklahoma area ( as an eddy effect interaction of the topography of the Rocky Mountains in relation to the jet stream ) with associated warm front and cold front, with attending snow to the northwest of the low and severe thunderstorms to the southeast -- the " hook " refers to the left-ward east to northeast jog in the track of the surface low as it is plotted on a weather analysis chart.

I believe that what I do has some effect on his actions and I have learned, in a way, to commune with drunks, but certainly my actions seem to resemble more nearly the performance of a rain dance than the carrying out of an experiment in physics.

And one finds it again in Thomas Nelson Page ) to the effect that the Mayflower on its second voyage brought a cargo of Negro slaves.

So we must first analyze our present institutions with respect to the effect of each on man's major needs.

The interesting thing about Mr. Lyford's approach, and the approach of the contributors to The Agreeable Autocracies ( Oceana Publications, 1961 ) to the situation of American civilization, is that it is concerned with comprehending the psychological relationships which are having a decisive effect on American life.

If `` Jack the Courtier '' is really to be taken as Swift, the following remark is obviously Steele's comment on Swift's change of parties and its effect on their friendship: `` I assure you, dear Jack, when I first found out such an Allay in you, as makes you of so malleable a Constitution, that you may be worked into any Form an Artificer pleases, I foresaw I should not enjoy your Favour much longer ''.

His academic duties had little evident effect on his prolific pen.

It took Pike a long time to realize what Woodruff had done, and it had a profound effect on him.

The orator of this period, in order to earn a reputation, had to pay close attention to the formal composition of his speech, judging how it would appear in print as well as the effect it would have on the audience that heard it.

When he turns briefly to literary style, in the Third Book, he again looks to the effect on the audience.

He is, rather, concerned with the effect on society and he wants the poets to join his fight for justice.

This is not to deny the existence of pogroms and ghettos, but only to assert that these horrors have had an effect on the nerves of people who did not experience them, that among the various side effects is the local hysteria of Jewish writers and intellectuals who cry out from confusion, which they call oppression and pain.

But for those which do, the slow growth of the area has a retarding effect on the metropolitan core.

In this letter, Mr. Kennedy made it clear that he limited his comment only to one consideration -- what effect the legislative proposals might have on future anti-trust judgments.

The effect of radiation is cumulative over the years -- and on to succeeding generations.

A recent study on radiation exposure by the AEC's division of biology and medicine stated: `` The question of the biological effect of ( radiation ) doses is not considered '' herein.

One effect of the spirited give-and-take of these discussions was to focus attention on practical applications and the necessity of being armed with the facts: knowledge of the destructive force of even the tiniest `` tactical '' atomic weapon would have a bearing on judgments as to the advisability of its use -- to defend Berlin, for example ; ;

The effect of Chou En-lai's clash with Khrushchev, together with the everlasting attacks on Molotov & Co., has shifted the whole attention of the world, including that of the Soviet people, from the `` epoch-making '' twenty-year program to the present Soviet-Chinese conflict.

The air was cooler here, and the lacy pattern of the trees threw a dappled shadow on the grass, an effect which he found pleasant.

A 5-percent royalty is paid on any production during the period the contract is in effect ; ;

and that all this would have a serious adverse effect on the entire stock market and on general business activity.

The deposit of rupees to the account of the Government of the United States of America in payment for the commodities and for ocean transportation costs financed by the Government of the United States of America ( except excess costs resulting from the requirement that United States flag vessels be used ) shall be made at the rate of exchange for United States dollars generally applicable to import transactions ( excluding imports granted a preferential rate ) in effect on the dates of dollar disbursement by United States banks, or by the Government of the United States of America, as provided in the purchase authorizations.

This increase was sufficient to overcome the effect on net income of higher costs of manufacture and increased expenditures on research and development.