A recent study on radiation exposure by the AEC's division of biology and medicine stated: `` The question of the biological effect of ( radiation ) doses is not considered '' herein.

Further, the corpuscular radiation, i.e., the solar-wind protons, must sputter away the surface atoms of the dust and cause a slow diminution in size, with a resultant increase in both the Poynting-Robertson effect and the ratio of the repulsive force to the gravitational force.

Atom probes are unlike conventional optical or electron microscopes, in that the magnification effect comes from the magnification provided by a highly curved electric field, rather than by the manipulation of radiation paths.

In the early work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, the existence of energy in discrete quantities had been postulated, in order to explain phenomena, such as the spectrum of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the stability and spectrum of atoms such as hydrogen, that had eluded explanation by, and even appeared to be in contradiction with, classical physics.

At these very high vacuums the effect of photon radiation pressure on the vanes can be observed in very sensitive apparatus ( see Nichols radiometer ) but this is insufficient to cause rotation.

The radiation converts to heat which causes global warming, which is better known as the greenhouse effect.

This effect is sometimes exploited by particle detectors to detect radiation.

With a few exceptions related to high-energy photons ( such as fluorescence, harmonic generation, photochemical reactions, the photovoltaic effect for ionizing radiations at far ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma radiation ), absorbed electromagnetic radiation simply deposits its energy by heating the material.

For low-frequency radiation ( radio waves to visible light ) the best-understood effects are those due to radiation power alone, acting through the effect of simple heating when the radiation is absorbed by the cell.

The intensity of this radiation is spin dependent, which causes polarization of the electron beam — a process known as the Sokolov – Ternov effect.

Although modern quantum optics tells us that there also is a semi-classical explanation of the photoelectric effect — the emission of electrons from metallic surfaces subjected to electromagnetic radiation — the photon was historically ( although not strictly necessarily ) used to explain certain observations.

It is found that increasing the intensity of the incident radiation ( so long as one remains in the linear regime ) increases only the number of electrons ejected, and has almost no effect on the energy distribution of their ejection.

In certain cases chemotherapy or radiation that has previously not had any effect can be made effective.

A new theory has been proposed that Modifies inertia by assuming it is due to Unruh radiation subject to a Hubble scale Casimir effect ( MiHsC, or quantised inertia ).

A related effect is flood frost which occurs when air cooled by ground-level radiation losses travels downhill to form pockets of very cold air in depressions, valleys, and hollows.

The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions.

The mechanism is named after the effect of solar radiation passing through glass and warming a greenhouse, but the way it retains heat is fundamentally different as a greenhouse works by reducing airflow, isolating the warm air inside the structure so that heat is not lost by convection.

Simple presentations of the greenhouse effect, such as the idealized greenhouse model, show this heat being lost as thermal radiation.

The major non-gas contributor to the Earth's greenhouse effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the atmosphere .< ref name =" kiehl197 ">

Jazz is good not only because it promotes wholeness but because of its decided sexual effect.

The general effect is tragic.

He is a dreamer of the good society with a plan to put into effect, and he is an individual craftsman with something to make for himself and the people of his time.

The interesting thing about Mr. Lyford's approach, and the approach of the contributors to The Agreeable Autocracies ( Oceana Publications, 1961 ) to the situation of American civilization, is that it is concerned with comprehending the psychological relationships which are having a decisive effect on American life.

If `` Jack the Courtier '' is really to be taken as Swift, the following remark is obviously Steele's comment on Swift's change of parties and its effect on their friendship: `` I assure you, dear Jack, when I first found out such an Allay in you, as makes you of so malleable a Constitution, that you may be worked into any Form an Artificer pleases, I foresaw I should not enjoy your Favour much longer ''.

In this domain the simple fact of coexistence in the same local, national, and world community is enough to guarantee that we cannot refrain from having some effect, large or small, upon Gentile-Jewish relations.

In the calm which follows the reading of a poem, for example, is the effect produced by the enforced quiet, by the musical quality of words and rhythm, by the sentiments or sense of the poem, by the associations with earlier readings, if it is familiar, by the boost to the self-esteem for the semi-literate, by the diversion of attention, by the sense of security in a legitimized withdrawal, by a kind license for some variety of fantasy life regarded as forbidden, or by half-conscious ideas about the magical power of words??

He is, rather, concerned with the effect on society and he wants the poets to join his fight for justice.

In Krutch's view, this is one way to show how literature may be moral in effect without employing the explicit methods of a moralist.

If Krutch is correct, tragedy may have quite the opposite effect.

This is not to deny the existence of pogroms and ghettos, but only to assert that these horrors have had an effect on the nerves of people who did not experience them, that among the various side effects is the local hysteria of Jewish writers and intellectuals who cry out from confusion, which they call oppression and pain.

We submit that this is a most desirable effect of the law -- and one of its principal aims.

Since appeals to morality, to humanity, and to sanity have had such small effect, perhaps our last recourse is the deterrent example.

A 5-percent royalty is paid on any production during the period the contract is in effect ; ;

A significant effect discovered during the study is the existence of Prandtl numbers reaching values of more than unity in the nitrogen dissociation region.

Another effect discovered is the large coefficient of thermal diffusion tending to separate nitrogen from the oxygen when temperature differences straddling the nitrogen dissociation region are present.

The pre-1960 rate of Federal participation with respect to any State's base allotment, as well as the adjusted rate in effect during the 1960 - 1962 period, is designated by the statute as that State's `` adjusted Federal Share ''.

Without losing the distinctive undertow of Brahmsian rhythm, the pacing is firm and the over-all performance has a tightly knit quality that makes for maximum cumulative effect.

It is not enough in accounting for this feeling to analyze it into the wickedness of individual people added together to produce a cumulative effect.

This cumulative effect of the errors in the Julian calendar's solar year and lunar age has led to the often-repeated, but false, belief that the Julian cycle includes an explicit rule requiring Easter always to follow Jewish Passover.

Despite this, the cumulative effect of additional species in an ecosystem is not linear — additional species may enhance nitrogen retention, for example, but beyond some level of species richness, additional species may have little additive effect.

Since absorption is cumulative, the color effect intensifies with increasing thickness or if internal reflections cause the light to take a longer path through the ice.

The total cumulative effect of inheritance on stratification outcomes takes three forms.

The physics principle behind orbital resonance is similar in concept to pushing a child on a swing, where the orbit and the swing both have a natural frequency, and the other body doing the " pushing " will act in periodic repetition to have a cumulative effect on the motion.

Quantitative analysis is used to determine a cumulative effect of these event chains on the project schedule.

In this context, QoS is the acceptable cumulative effect on subscriber satisfaction of all imperfections affecting the service.

The rationale was that a farmer's growing " his own wheat " can have a substantial cumulative effect on interstate commerce, because if all farmers were to exceed their production quotas, a significant amount of wheat would either not be sold on the market or would be bought from other producers.

Over a long length of fiber, the cumulative effect is to create jitter, i. e. mode partition noise.

The cumulative effect of these dynamics is that by the beginning of the twentieth century the Plains tribes were almost completely acculturated into the larger ethnic Han group, and had experienced nearly total language shift from their respective Formosan languages to Chinese.

The danger of Ragwort is that the toxin can have a cumulative effect.

: The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, and space domains and information environment that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive interference.

Until his collapse he had not considered himself an alcoholic, although he noted that " it was the cumulative effect over the years that had done the damage.

who stated that the blurring effect was overestimated by Lieu and Hillman by factors of between 10 < sup > 15 </ sup > and 10 < sup > 30 </ sup >, and thus the observations are very much less effective in constraining theory: " the cumulative effects of spacetime fluctuations on the phase coherence of light certain theories of ' foamy ' spacetime are too small to be observable ".

The cumulative effect is objective, textural and highly controlled, with the strongest possible value contrasts in the medium.

Due to the cumulative effect of a host of errors which in and of themselves would not have condemned the mission to failure, the royal family was thwarted in its escape when the king was recognized in the town of Sainte-Menehould, by a postmaster named Jean-Baptiste Drouet.

The cumulative effect of these divisions was to make the Alliance appear less credible as a potential government in the eyes of the electorate.

As it was the cumulative effect on all three divisions, when all the cash resources which would otherwise have been available had been invested unprofitably in the Caribbean, meant that the position progressively deteriorated and rendered the collapse in August 1974 unavoidable.

This process was, of course, very slow, but its cumulative effect over centuries was to undermine the integrity of Gaelic in the areas affected, areas which later became known collectively as the Lowlands, though to a large extent Galloway and Carrick, where Galwegian Gaelic survived into the 17th century, were not affected as much as elsewhere until very late.

However, the cumulative effect of stalled sovereignty negotiations, the British Nationality Act 1981 ( which would deprive many Islanders of their rights as full British citizens ), the announced withdrawal of, the shelving of plans to rebuild the Royal Marine barracks at Moody Brook, and the proposed closure of the British Antarctic Survey base at Grytviken on South Georgia, was to convince Argentina that Britain had no future interest in the Islands.

Then the cumulative effect of ethanol appears and the drinker becomes inebriated rather quickly.