However, upon Constans ' death in 350, a civil war broke out which left Constantius as sole emperor.

Division of the Roman Empire among the Caesars appointed by Constantine I: from left to right, the territories of Constantine II ( emperor ) | Constantine II, Constans I, Dalmatius and Constantius II.

Division of the Roman Empire among the Caesars appointed by Constantine I: from left to right, the territories of Constantine II ( emperor ) | Constantine II, Constans, Dalmatius and Constantius II.

Following the death of his father in 337, Constantine II initially became emperor jointly with his brothers Constantius II and Constans, with the Empire divided between them and their cousins, the Caesars Dalmatius and Hannibalianus.

Grimoald managed to regain control over the duchies and deflected the late attempt of the Byzantine emperor Constans II to conquer southern Italy.

By the time of Constans II ( who also organized campaigns against the Slavs ), the significant number of the Slavs of Macedonia were captured and transferred to central Asia Minor where they were forced to recognize the authority of the Byzantine emperor and serve in its ranks.

* 630 – Constans II, Byzantine emperor ( d. 668 )

In this condemnation were included not only the Ecthesis ( the exposition of faith of the Patriarch Sergius for which the emperor Heraclius had stood sponsor ), but also the typus of Paul, the successor of Sergius, which had the support of the reigning Emperor ( Constans II ).

So furious were the Byzantine officials at this harsh rejection of the wishes of their emperor and patriarch that they threatened to roast Eugene, just as they had roasted Pope Martin I. Eugene was saved from the fate of his predecessor by the advance of the Muslims, who took Rhodes in 654 and defeated Constans himself in the naval battle of Phoenix ( 655 ).

Constans II, son of Constantine III, becomes emperor.

* September 17 – Martin I arrives in Constantinople, where he is eventually deposed as pope by the emperor Constans II.

* January 18 – Emperor Constans I makes himself extremely unpopular, Magnus Magnentius is proclaimed emperor at Autun ( Gaul ) with support of the army on the Rhine frontier.

Roman Empire ( 337 ) is divided between the territories of ( left to right ): Constantine II ( emperor ) | Constantine II, Constans I, Dalmatius and Constantius II

* Constans I, Roman emperor ( d. 350 )

After the synod, Pope Martin wrote to Constans, informing the emperor of its conclusions and requiring him to condemn both the Monothelite doctrine and his own Type.

Unfortunately, Constans was not the sort of emperor to take such a rebuke of imperial authority lightly.

They had apparently been used as the foundation of a portion of the city wall, reconstructed in 663 under the fear of an attack by the Byzantine emperor Constans II, the temple having been destroyed by order of the bishop, St Barbatus, to provide the necessary material ( A. Meomartini, 0.

Basil was the first Byzantine emperor since Constans II ( r. 641 – 668 ) to pursue an active policy to restore the Empire's power in the West.

Constans II, the son of Constantine III, became sole emperor.

In 350, Constans I was assassinated by agents of the usurper Magnentius, a commander in Gaul proclaimed emperor by his soldiers.

Constantius II, older brother of Constans and emperor in the East, promptly set forth towards Magnentius with a large army.

Geoffrey states that Vortigern was the successor to Constans, the son of the usurping emperor Constantine III.

The self-proclaimed emperor tried to strengthen his grasp on the territories previously controlled by Constans, moving towards the Danube.

* Constans II, who succeeded as emperor

Later that same year his uncle was deposed and Constans II was left as sole emperor.

However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.

* 317 – Constantius II, Roman emperor ( d. 361 )

In 392, after the death of Valentinian II and the acclamation of Eugenius, Ambrose supplicated the emperor for the pardon of those who had supported Eugenius after Theodosius was eventually victorious.

The Byzantine emperor Basil II narrowly escaped.

* Alexander II of Russia ( 1818 – 1881 ), emperor of Russia

# John II Komnenos, who succeeded as emperor.

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

In 1195, while Isaac II was away hunting in Thrace, Alexios was acclaimed as emperor by the troops with the conniving of Alexios ' wife Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera.

* Anastasios II ( emperor )

* Anastasios II ( died 718 ) – Byzantine emperor 713 – 715

Andronikos II Palaiologos () ( 25 March 1259 – 13 February 1332 ), Latinized as Andronicus II Palaeologus, was Byzantine emperor from 1282 to 1328.

Sole emperor from 1282, Andronikos II immediately repudiated his father's unpopular Church union with the Papacy ( which he had been forced to support while his father was still alive ), but was unable to resolve the related schism within the Orthodox clergy until 1310.

Andronikos, now ( 1183 ) sole emperor, married twelve year old Agnes of France, previously betrothed to Alexios II.

He entered the army at an early age, when Constantius II was emperor of the East, and was sent to serve under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and magister militum.

* 1619 – Ferdinand II is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

* Alexius II Comnenus ( 1167-1183 ), Byzantine emperor

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

Unfortunately, the emperor Constantius II seems to have been committed to having Athanasius deposed, and went so far as to send soldiers to arrest him.

On the urgings of the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus a new crusade was organized to defeat him.

Driven off by Roman forces, the coalition host moved overland into Thracia, where finally it was crushed by emperor Claudius II ( r. 268-70 ) at Naissus ( 269 ).

* With the Armies of Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia at www. samizdat. com

* Cossacks of the emperor Мenelik II

After the shock of the Battle of Adrianople in 378, in which the emperor Valens with the flower of the Roman armies was destroyed by the Visigoths within a few days ' march, the city looked to its defences, and in 413 – 414, Theodosius II built the 18-meter ( 60-foot )- tall triple-wall fortifications, which were never to be breached until the coming of gunpowder.