In communications and information processing, encoding is the process by which information from a source is converted into symbols to be communicated.

* Memory encoding is the process of converting sensations into memories.

If the sound of the word is emphasized during the encoding process, the cue that should be used should also put emphasis on the phonetic quality of the word.

The encoding process that produces the 9-bit codes is shown below.

The GIF encoding process can be modified to create a file that is without LZW compression but still viewable as a GIF image.

To properly understand or process it the recipient must know ( or be able to figure out ) what encoding was used ; however, they need not know anything about the computer architecture that was used, or about the binary structures defined by whatever program ( if any ) created the data.

To obtain the correct response, a gamma correction is used in encoding the image data, and possibly further corrections as part of the color calibration process of the device.

This XML based protocol consists of three parts: an envelope, which defines what is in the message and how to process it, a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined datatypes, and a convention for representing procedure calls and responses.

* Data compression, the process of encoding digital information using fewer bits

The subtitles are embedded on the video during the encoding process.

Graphical representation of the encoding process.

Some amount of spatial and temporal downsampling may also be used to reduce the raw data rate before the basic encoding process.

Some encoders can compress the video in a multiple step process called n-pass encoding ( e. g. 2-pass ), which performs a slower but potentially better quality compression.

The decoding process consists of performing, to the extent possible, an inversion of each stage of the encoding process.

A gamma value is sometimes called an encoding gamma, and the process of encoding with this compressive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma compression ; conversely a gamma value is called a decoding gamma and the application of the expansive power-law nonlinearity is called gamma expansion.

Note that the choice of a variable bitrate ( VBR ) method only affects the encoding process.

Details of the encoding process vary between the NTSC, PAL and SECAM systems.

This site has the ability to process text in Unicode UTF-8 encoding.

Monkey's Audio does not discard data during the process of encoding, unlike lossy compression methods such as AAC, MP3, Vorbis and Musepack.

Such incorrect display occurs when writing systems or character encodings are mistagged or " foreign " to the user's computer system: if a computer does not have the software required to process a foreign language's characters, it will attempt to process them in its default language encoding, usually resulting in gibberish.

The theory of encoding specificity finds similarities between the process of recognition and that of recall.

It allows compact encoding, but is less reliable for data transmission ; an error in transmitting the shift code typically makes a long part of the transmission unreadable.

Thus, the Kolmogorov complexity of the raw file encoding this bitmap is much less than 1. 62 million.

We could, alternatively, choose an encoding for Turing machines, where an encoding is a function which associates to each Turing Machine M a bitstring < M >.

In the 1990s, Jürgen Schmidhuber described an algorithmic theory of beauty which takes the subjectivity of the observer into account and postulates: among several observations classified as comparable by a given subjective observer, the aesthetically most pleasing one is the one with the shortest description, given the observer ’ s previous knowledge and his particular method for encoding the data.

A codec performs the encoding and decoding of the raw audio data while the data itself is stored in a file with a specific audio file format.

PAL's color encoding is similar to the NTSC systems.

The same basic format ( with minor differences mainly related to timing and the encoding of color ) is used for PAL, NTSC and SECAM television systems.

But only the private BCI encoding based on ISO-IR / 169 registration is available for text interchange.

One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical.

) to trivial ( romance, games ) can be any kind of imaginative encoding: flowers, game cards, clothes, fans, hats, melodies, birds, etc., in which the sole requisite is the previous agreement of the meaning by both the sender and the receiver.

* A content format is a specific encoding format for converting a specific type of data to information.

* Semantics encoding of formal language A in formal language B is a method of representing all terms ( e. g. programs or descriptions ) of language A using language B.

* Neural encoding is the way in which information is represented in neurons.

ASCII was introduced in 1963 and is a 7-bit encoding scheme used to encode letters, numerals, symbols, and device control codes as fixed-length codes using integers.

IBM's Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( usually abbreviated EBCDIC ) is an 8-bit encoding scheme developed in 1963.

It is in-band signaling in the context of character encoding.

There are several ways to specify which character encoding is used in the document.

It is increasingly common for multilingual websites and websites in non-Western languages to use UTF-8, which allows use of the same encoding for all languages.

UTF-16 or UTF-32, which can be used for all languages as well, are less widely used because they can be harder to handle in programming languages that assume a byte-oriented ASCII superset encoding, and they are less efficient for text with a high frequency of ASCII characters, which is usually the case for HTML documents.

Successful viewing of a page is not necessarily an indication that its encoding is specified correctly.