Exceptions to the shift to V6 engines include BMW, which specializes in high-performance straight-sixes used in a lineup of front-engine / rear-wheel-drive vehicles, Volvo, which designed a compact straight-six engine / transmission package to fit transversely in its larger cars, and the Australian Ford Falcon, which still uses a straight-six configuration.

Currently Volvo Cars uses the straight five-cylinder engine as their mainstay engine in every vehicle in the lineup.

In September 1989 Honda also added the 1595 cc B16A VTEC engine to the lineup outside of America.

In late 2006, Toyota discontinued use of the 2ZZ-GE engine and dropped the XRS from the Matrix lineup to be temporarily replaced by the M-Theory edition.

The new supercharged engine slotted between the existing V6 and V8 engines in the lineup and was officially rated at, just below the V8.

While the 383 engine remained the standard powerplant, a 440 CID engine with three two-barrel carburetors, known as the 440 6bbl, was added to the lineup at mid-year to qualify the engine for the Super Stock drag racing class.

The engine lineup was left unchanged although a heavy-duty three-speed manual became the standard transmission, relegating the four-speed to the option list along with the TorqueFlite automatic.

For the 2010 model year, the 6. 0-liter was dropped from the Avalanche lineup which left the 5. 3 V8 as the only engine available for the truck.

A station wagon body-style, marketed as the Lakewood joined the lineup in 1961 with its engine located under the cargo floor and offering 68 ft³ ( 1. 9 m³ ) of cargo room ; 58 ft³ in the main passenger compartment, and another 10 ft³ in the front trunk.

On October 14, 1977, a four-door sedan was added to the lineup, and power went to when the EL1 engine was supplemented and in certain markets replaced by the an EK-1 unit.

The straight-6 engine was retired temporarily, but returned to the lineup in 1975 following the 1973-74 energy crisis for two model years before it was replaced by a Buick-built 231 cubic-inch V6 in 1977, which was basically the same V6 previously used on some 1964-65 Olds intermediates.

Furthermore, a 1. 4 litre petrol engine with of power and of torque will be added to the lineup in the future.

In mid 2006, The F Series added two new motorcycles to the lineup, the F800S sports bike and F800ST sports tourer, both which use an 798 cc parallel-twin engine built by Rotax.

The Zafira B's engine lineup is partly adopted from the previous Astra / Zafira generation, but Opel replaced the old 2. 0 and 2. 2 turbodiesel I4 engines with 1. 9 L common-rail turbodiesels developed by Fiat ( Multijet ).

The same models, base, LJ and SJ continued as before as did the basic engine lineup including the 231 cubic-inch Buick V6 standard on base and LJ models, the 301 CID Pontiac V8 with two-barrel carburetor that was optional on both of those models, and the 301 V8 with four-barrel carburetion that was standard on the SJ and optional on the other models.

New to the engine lineup was the 307 cubic-inch Rocket V8 with four-barrel carburetor and.

Originally the engine lineup was similar to before, with 1. 2 L, 1. 4 L and 1. 6 L petrol engines and a 1. 9 L diesel.

The Kent engines were replaced by the Ford Pinto engine and the previously UK-only 3000 GT joined the German lineup.

The 351 Windsor V8 was added to the engine lineup.

The engine lineup was revised for 1971, as well.

The engine lineup changed for this year, as well.

Industrial production doubled from 1950 to 1957, and gross national product grew at a rate of 9 or 10 % per year, providing the engine for economic growth of all of Western Europe.

Archer grew up with a distrust of Vulcans, perceiving them as having held back Humanity's progress, particularly with regard to his father's warp five engine.

Control systems grew more sophisticated as automakers gained experience ; Chrysler's " Coolant Controlled Exhaust Gas Recirculation " system of 1973 exemplified this evolution: a coolant temperature sensor blocked vacuum to the EGR valve until the engine reached normal operating temperature.

However, as the size of basic fighters grew, along with their engine power, the relative cost of carrying night fighting equipment fell until most designs carried such equipment.

As they shared engines, the Type 14's engine displacement grew concurrently with the Type 1 ( Beetle ), ultimately arriving at a displacement of 1584 cc, producing.

American ' personal luxury ' cars grew ever larger, heavier, and more luxurious, and were typically equipped with either a V6 of moderate performance, or a V8 engine.

In the 2000s, a new hot hatch " class " was born, engine outputs grew up to well beyond, and by 2010 Ford and Subaru challenged each other with the Ford Focus RS 500 () and Subaru Cosworth Impreza STI CS400 ().

For the next 18 years, the crack grew slightly each time the engine was powered up and brought to operating temperature.

Over the years the engine grew from 1390 cc ( in the Series I and II ) to 1725 cc in the Series VI.

A larger engine was fitted in 1908, and the wheelbase grew from to.

In 1984 the engine grew to 3. 4 L, BMW engine code M106, produced 6 psi intake pressure, and produced the same power output as the M102.

The engine grew to 7212 cc ( 440 c. i. ) in late 1971 with 4-barrel carburation.

Despite the important differences in these three models, the common thread among the developed nations is that the large industrial firm has been the engine of growth in three ways: first, it has provided focal points for capital and labor on large scales ; second, it became the educator whereby a nation learned the pertinent technology and developed managerial skills ; third, it served as the core around which medium and small firms that supply and serve it grew.

Despite a 20 % increase in displacement, engine weight grew by only 4 kg and engine dimensions were decreased, for easier packaging.

As a result of the lack of completed games and engine features, the user base was small, but the community grew slowly.

Yamaha replaced the 750 cc engine with a 699 cc version to avoid the tariff, while the 920 cc engine grew to 1000 cc, and later 1100 cc.

BizSeer, formerly SmealSearch, grew from and consumed a similar search engine, eBizSearch, designed to harvest and index academic documents related to e-business.

Thus, in 1970, the V-8 engine in the Cadillac Eldorado grew to 500 cubic inches, but was badged " 8. 2 Liters " for the first time.

For 1927 the Ten engine grew to 1300 cc and a new light car with 850 cc overhead cam ( ohc ) engine, the big selling Junior was announced and at the same time the Ten became the Senior.

Carnot engine diagram ( modern )-where heat flows from a high temperature T < sub > H </ sub > furnace through the fluid of the " working body " ( working substance ) and into the cold sink T < sub > C </ sub >, thus forcing the working substance to do mechanical work W on the surroundings, via cycles of contractions and expansions.

Although, in these early years, engines came in a number of configurations, typically Q < sub > H </ sub > was supplied by a boiler, wherein water was boiled over a furnace ; Q < sub > C </ sub > was typically a stream of cold flowing water in the form of a condenser located on a separate part of the engine.

This engine, designed by Saab Automobile, uses a technique that dynamically alters the volume of the combustion chamber ( V < sub > c </ sub >), which, via the above equation, changes the compression ratio ( CR ).

Exhaust from a spark ignition engine consists of the following: nitrogen 70 to 75 % ( by volume ), water vapor 10 to 12 %, carbon dioxide 10 to 13. 5 %, hydrogen 0. 5 to 2 %, oxygen 0. 2 to 2 %, carbon monoxide: 0. 1 to 6 %, unburnt hydrocarbons and partial oxidation products ( e. g. aldehydes ) 0. 5 to 1 %, nitrogen monoxide 0. 01 to 0. 4 %, nitrous oxide < 100 ppm, sulfur dioxide 15 to 60 ppm, traces of other compounds such as fuel additives and lubricants, also halogen and metallic compounds, and other particles.

* Specific impulse, represented by I < sub > sp </ sub >, a term used to describe rocket and jet engine thrust

Increasing the amount of air in the engine reduces emissions of incomplete combustion products, but also promotes reaction between oxygen and nitrogen in the air to produce nitrogen oxides ( NO < sub > x </ sub >).

In 1959, GM introduced a heavy-duty 305 in < sup > 3 </ sup > ( 5 L ) 60 ° V6 for use in their pickup trucks and Suburbans, an engine design that was later enlarged to 478 in < sup > 3 </ sup > ( 7. 8 L ) for heavy truck and bus use.

Other examples include the Maserati V6 used in the Citroën SM, the PRV V6, the Honda C engine used in the NSX, Chevrolet's 4. 3 L Vortec 4300 and Chrysler's 3. 9 L ( 238 in < sup > 3 </ sup >) Magnum V6 and 3. 7 L ( 226 in < sup > 3 </ sup >) PowerTech V6.

The ASP engine and type library, < tt > asp. dll </ tt >, invokes < tt > vbscript. dll </ tt > to run VBScript scripts.

Due to the higher energy density of the nuclear fuel compared to chemical fuels, about 10 < small >< sup > 7 </ sup ></ small > times, the resulting propellant efficiency ( effective exhaust velocity ) of the engine is at least twice as good as chemical engines.

While the NERVA engine was projected to weigh about 6, 803 kg, the final STNP offered just over 1 / 3 the thrust from an engine of only 1, 650 kg by improving the I < small >< sub > sp </ sub ></ small > to between 930 and 1000 seconds.

* d / dt ( mv < sub > 2 </ sub >) is the thrust produced by the ramjet ; d / dt ( mv < sub > 2 </ sub >) is the mass of the collected ramjet propellant per unit time multiplied by the exhaust velocity at which it is expelled from the Ramjet engine to generate thrust.

Clausius showed, however, that we must take into account the work that the molecules of the working body, i. e., the water molecules in the cylinder, do on each other as they pass or transform from one step of or state of the engine cycle to the next, e. g., from ( P < sub > 1 </ sub >, V < sub > 1 </ sub >) to ( P < sub > 2 </ sub >, V < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Thus, any reversible heat engine operating between temperatures T < sub > 1 </ sub > and T < sub > 2 </ sub > must have the same efficiency, that is to say, the efficiency is the function of temperatures only: