Valproic acid and valnoctamide both inhibit microsomal epoxide hydrolase ( mEH ), the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of carbamazepine-10, 11 epoxide into inactive metabolites.

Certain organic compounds found in grapefruit are known to interfere with the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6, which is responsible for converting hydrocodone into hydromorphone.

* Stains produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus is commercialised as blood cholesterol lowering agents which acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.

All such agents function the same way: by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine ( ACh ) in the synapse.

The enzyme responsible for this is transglycosylase.

However, the enzyme discovered by Ochoa ( polynucleotide phosphorylase ) was later shown to be responsible for RNA degradation, not RNA synthesis.

However, in 1970 when the scientists Howard Temin and David Baltimore both independently discovered the enzyme responsible for reverse transcription, named reverse transcriptase, the possibility that genetic information could be passed on in this manner was finally accepted.

The aspartate residue ( Asp 189 ) located in the catalytic pocket ( S1 ) of trypsins is responsible for attracting and stabilizing positively charged lysine and / or arginine, and is, thus, responsible for the specificity of the enzyme.

* CVS ( enzyme ), the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of valencene

Phenytoin is an inducer of the CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 families of the P450 enzyme responsible for the hepatic degradation of various drugs.

In addition, the breakdown of sphingolipids is also dependent on vitamin B < sub > 6 </ sub > since S1P lyase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down sphingosine-1-phosphate, is also PLP dependent.

Malignant cells that bypass this arrest become immortalized by telomere extension due mostly to the activation of telomerase, the reverse transcriptase enzyme responsible for synthesis of telomeres.

Their target, aldose reductase, is an enzyme that is normally present in many other parts of the body, and catalyzes one of the steps in the sorbitol ( polyol ) pathway that is responsible for fructose formation from glucose.

Canavan disease is caused by a defective ASPA gene which is responsible for the production of the enzyme aspartoacylase.

In plants infected with Rhizobium, ( such as alfalfa or soybeans ), the presence of oxygen in the root nodules would reduce the activity of the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase-an enzyme responsible for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.

The study focuses on telomerase, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes during cell division.

The main enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcriptase.

Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice ( i. e. bergamottin and dihydroxybergamottin ) inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, which is involved in the metabolism of most statins ( however, it is a major inhibitor of only lovastatin, simvastatin and to a lesser degree atorvastatin ) and some other medications ( flavonoids ( i. e. naringin ) were thought to be responsible ).

The most common subtype is CDG-Ia ( also referred to as PMM2-CDG ) where the genetic defect leads to the loss of phosphomannomutase 2, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of mannose-6-phosphate into mannose-1-phosphate.

This enzyme is responsible for the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate and mannose-1-phosphate, and its deficiency leads to a shortage in GDP-mannose and dolichol ( Dol )- mannose ( Man ), two donors required for the synthesis of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of N-linked glycosylation.

Prilosec inhibits the CYP450 2C19 enzyme, one of the two primary enzymes responsible for the metabolism of citalopram.

* Integrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme integrase, which is responsible for integration of viral DNA into the DNA of the infected cell.

United Kingdom Health Protection Agency has stated that " most isolates with NDM-1 enzyme are resistant to all standard intravenous antibiotics for treatment of severe infections.

His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

In 1958, George Beadle and Edward Tatum received the Nobel Prize for work in fungi showing that one gene produces one enzyme.

Several proteins coded for in the tra or trb locus seem to open a channel between the bacteria and it is thought that the traD enzyme, located at the base of the pilus, initiates membrane fusion.

Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase.

The reaction takes place in the active site, a small part of the enzyme which is usually found in a cleft or pocket lined by amino acid residues, and the rest of the enzyme is used mainly for stabilization.

The hydrophobic and shape complementarity between the peptide substrate P < sub > 1 </ sub > sidechain and the enzyme S < sub > 1 </ sub > binding cavity accounts for the substrate specificity of this enzyme.

Like many proteases, chymotrypsin will also hydrolyse amide bonds in vitro, a virtue that enabled the use of substrate analogs such as N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl amide for enzyme assays.

Though there are several methods for doing so, cDNA is most often synthesized from mature ( fully spliced ) mRNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

However, for optimal ligation efficiency with cohesive-ended fragments (" sticky ends "), the optimal enzyme temperature needs to be balanced with the melting temperature T < sub > m </ sub > ( also the annealing temperature ) of the sticky ends being ligated.

Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as purple spheres, and an enzyme inhibitor called S-hexylglutathione is shown as a space-filling model, filling the two active sites.

However, in 1926, James B. Sumner showed that the enzyme urease was a pure protein and crystallized it ; Sumner did likewise for the enzyme catalase in 1937.

This was first done for lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites that digests the coating of some bacteria ; the structure was solved by a group led by David Chilton Phillips and published in 1965.

* Catalase test on nutrient agar tests for the production of catalase enzyme, which splits hydrogen peroxide and releases oxygen gas.

* Oxidase test on nutrient agar tests for the production of the enzyme oxidase, which reacts with an aromatic amine to produce a purple color.

In November 2009, the journal Science reported that researchers succeeded at halting a fatal brain disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, using a vector derived from HIV to deliver the gene for the missing enzyme.

Raw kiwifruit is also rich in the protein-dissolving enzyme actinidin, ( in the same family of thiol proteases as papain ), which is commercially useful as a meat tenderizer, but can be an allergen for some individuals.

Actinidin also makes raw kiwifruit unsuitable for use in desserts containing milk or any other dairy products which are not going to be served within hours, because the enzyme soon begins to digest milk proteins.

* Insulin degrading enzyme, an enzyme

In experiments on mice, a chemical designated JZL184 that inhibits a naturally occurring enzyme MAGL from degrading a pain-relieving endocannabinoid called 2-arachidonoylglycerol ( AG ) increases the brain concentration of AG, thereby inducing analgesia.

Degradation normally involves endocytosis of the insulin-receptor complex followed by the action of insulin degrading enzyme.

It is a synthetic urate oxidase enzyme and acts by degrading uric acid.

Amino acid sequence of amylin with disulfide bridge and cleavage sites of insulin degrading enzyme indicated with arrows

This enzyme is involved in degrading the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan.