# Absorption: oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide can diffuse into the epidermis in small amounts ; some animals use their skin as their sole respiration organ ( in humans, the cells comprising the outermost 0. 25 – 0. 40 mm of the skin are " almost exclusively supplied by external oxygen ", although the " contribution to total respiration is negligible ")

The nutrients and oils that help hydrate our skin are covered by our most outer skin layer, the epidermis.

Water itself will not cause the elimination of oils on the skin, because the oils residing in our dermis flow and would be affected by water without the epidermis.

Stevens – Johnson syndrome ( SJS ) and toxic epidermal necrolysis ( TEN ) are two forms of a life-threatening skin condition, in which cell death causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis.

Micrograph showing full thickness epidermal necrosis with a basket weave-like stratum corneum and separation of the dermis and Epidermis ( skin ) | epidermis.

Some terrestrial species lack both lungs and gills and perform gas exchange through their skin, a process known as valerian respiration in which the capillary beds are spread throughout the epidermis, and inside the mouth.

Salamanders regularly shed the outer layer of their skin ( the epidermis ) as they grow, and then eat the resulting slough.

In most turtles, the outer layer of the shell is covered by horny scales called scutes that are part of its outer skin, or epidermis.

The proboscis of a female mosquito – here a Southern House Mosquito ( Culex quinquefasciatus )-pierces the epidermis ( skin ) | epidermis and dermis to allow it to Blood meal | feed on human blood from a capillary: this one is almost fully engorged.

Natural selection would have favored mutations that protect this essential barrier ; one such protective adaptation is the pigmentation of interfollicular epidermis, because it improves barrier function as compared to non-pigmented skin.

In contrast to the model based on functional morphology described earlier, in the Epitheliozoa concept the ventral and dorsal cell layers of the Placozoa are homologs of endoderm and ectoderm, the two basic embryonic cell layers of the eumetazoans — the digestive gastrodermis in the Cnidaria or the gut epithelium in the bilaterally symmetrical Bilateria may have developed from endoderm, whereas ectoderm is, among other things, the precursor to the external skin layer ( epidermis ).

Externally, the skin has a thin cuticle covering the epidermis, which consists of a syncytium with no cell walls.

The body wall consists of a non-cellular outer skin, the cuticula ; a single layer of epidermis cells forming an internal skin ; and beneath this, usually three layers of muscle, which are embedded in connective tissues.

At each moult, the shed skin is replaced by the epidermis, which lies immediately beneath it ; unlike the cuticula, this consists of living cells.

Cells in the epidermis contain a structural matrix of keratin, which makes this outermost layer of the skin almost waterproof, and along with collagen and elastin, gives skin its strength.

The melanin in the skin is produced by melanocytes, which are found in the basal layer of the epidermis.

Eczema or atopic dermatitis ( from Greek ἔκζεμα ēkzema, " to boil over ") is a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the epidermis ( the outer layer of the skin ).

The human skin ( integumentary ) is composed of a minimum of 3 major layers of tissue: the epidermis ; dermis ; and hypodermis.

Their skin is very similar to the common hippo's, with a thin epidermis over a dermis that is several centimeters thick.

Sipunculans have a body wall somewhat similar to that of annelids ( though unsegmented ) in that it consists of a non-ciliated epidermis overlain by a cuticle, an outer layer of circular and an inner layer of longitudinal musculature.

Microscopically, an acrochordon consists of a fibro-vascular core, sometimes also with fat cells, covered by an unremarkable epidermis.

The entire surface of the plant consists of a single layer of cells called epidermis or surface tissue.

The body wall consists of a thin, outer epidermis, a thick dermis formed of connective tissue and a thin, inner peritoneum.

The body wall consists of an epidermis and a dermis and contains smaller calcareous ossicles, the types of which are characteristics which help to identify different species.

Like other comb jellies, the body wall of nudans consists of an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis, separated by a jelly-like mesoglea.

A full-thickness skin graft consists of the epidermis and the entire thickness of the dermis.

A full-thickness skin graft consists of the epidermis and the entire thickness of the dermis.

The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis ( with which it makes up the cutis ) and subcutaneous tissues, that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.

The plates are covered by the epidermis, which consists of a smooth syncytium.

Frequently a few isolated thick-walled cells or, rarely, groups of such cells in the xylem region, were also specifically stained, but there was no such staining in epidermis, cortex, most xylem cells, ray cells, or pith.

Some parenchyma cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized for light penetration and focusing or regulation of gas exchange, but others are among the least specialized cells in plant tissue, and may remain totipotent, capable of dividing to produce new populations of undifferentiated cells, throughout their lives.

cells of Arabidopsis thaliana Epidermis ( botany ) | epidermis

The epidermis of roots originates from the layer of cells immediately beneath the root cap.

In the shoot epidermis of most plants, only the guard cells have chloroplasts.

The transparent epidermis layer allows light to pass through to the palisade mesophyll cells where most of the photosynthesis takes place.

It lies below the epidermis in the mesoderm and is within cell clusters of frame-forming cells.

Compared to its Cabernet parent, Malian appears to lack anthocyanins in the subepidermal cells but retains them in the epidermis, whereas Shalistin has no anthocyanins in either layer.

The team that went on to discover the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 genes that control grape colour have suggested that a gene involved in anthocyanin production has been deleted in the subepidermis of Malian, and then subepidermal cells invaded the epidermis to produce Shalistin.

Keratin filaments are abundant in keratinocytes in the cornified layer of the epidermis ; these are cells which have undergone keratinization.

The mesoglea includes mobile amoeboid cells originating from the epidermis.

Melanocytes are melanin-producing cells located in the bottom layer ( the stratum basale ) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye ( the uvea ), the inner ear, meninges, bones, and heart.

Melanocytes comprise from 5 % to 10 % of the cells in the basal layer of epidermis.