The most common native ethnonym is " Hellenes " ( Έλληνες ); the name " Greeks " ( Latin: " Graeci ") was used by the Ancient Romans and gradually entered the European languages through its use in Latin.

Jurchen-Manchu ( Jurchen and Manchu are simply different stages of the same language ; in fact, the ethnonym " Manchu " did not come about until 1636 when Emperor Hong Taiji decreed that the term would replace " Jurchen ") is the only Tungusic language with a literary form ( in Jurchen script and later the Manchu alphabet ) which dates back to at least the mid-to late-12th century ; as such it is a very important language for the reconstruction of Proto-Tungusic.

Both terms, vasco and basque, are inherited from Latin ethnonym Vascones which in turn goes back to the Greek term οὐασκώνους ( ouaskōnous ), an ethnonym used by Strabo in his Geographica ( 23 CE, Book III ).

The name Arvanites and its equivalents go back to an old ethnonym that used in Greek to refer to Albanians.

After the Jin Empire was destroyed by the Mongols in 1234, they withdrew back to Manchuria and returned later with the rejoined forces from the Mongols to establish the last dynasty of the Qing ( 1644 – 1912 ) in China under the new ethnonym of Manchu, or " Man Zu " in Chinese.

According to the Azerbaijani historians, the name of the town goes back to the ethnonym of the Sakas, who reached the territory of modern day Azerbaijan in the 7th century B. C.

At that time the ethnonym Gaoche ( in Uyghur: Qangqil, قاڭقىل ) () to the Tura ( Chinese: Tiele ) tribes.

Although an ultimate Celtic origin for the word is possible, any connection of the Italian term to the Celtic ethnonym seems unlikely since the Brigantes had not played any significant role in Italy and had disappeared as a people for some thousand years by the time the word is attested.

Over time younger generations have taken on the term as their ethnonym, possibly unaware of its origin.

Sabellic was originally the collective ethnonym of the Italic people who inhabited central and southern Italy at the time of Roman expansion.

As the ethnonym " Romanian " was gaining more and more popularity throughout the West Moldavia and Bukovina during the 19th century, its dissemination in Bessarabia, a more backward and rural province of the Russian Empire at the time, was welcomed mostly by the Romanian-oriented intellectuals, while the majority of the rural population continued to use the old self-identification " Moldovans ".

Their most widely known ethnonym is derived from the word ainu, which means " human " ( particularly as opposed to kamui, divine beings ), basically neither ethnicity nor the name of a race, in the Hokkaidō dialects of the Ainu language ; Emishi ( Ebisu ) and Ezo ( Yezo ) ( both ) are Japanese terms, which are believed to derive from another word for " human ", which otherwise survived in Sakhalin Ainu as enciw or enju.

According to the 2002 Russian Federation census, no responders gave the ethnonym Ainu in boxes 7 or 9. 2 in the K-1 form of the census, though some still might exist.

19th century scholarship also connected the term to the ethnonym Amazigh.

Nowadays, " Afghan " is usually not used as an ethnic term, but as a national demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan, while " Pashtun "-the native ethnonym of this people-is largely used in a linguistic sense to refer to native speakers of Pashto.

The Latin ethnonym " Germani " seems to be attested in the Fasti Capitolini inscription for the year 222 BCE-de Galleis Insvbribvs et Germ ( aneis )-where it may simply refer to " related " peoples, namely related to the Gauls.

The generic * þiuda-" people " occurs in many personal names such as Thiud-reks and also in the ethnonym of the Swedes from a cognate of Old English Sweo-ðēod and Old Norse: Sui-þióð ( see e. g. Sö Fv1948 ; 289 ).

The ethnonym has been connected with the name of a river flowing through Västergötland in Sweden, the Göta älv, which drains Lake Vänern into the Kattegat.

" The United States Census uses the ethnonym Hispanic or Latino to refer to " persons who trace their origin or descent to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spanish speaking Central and South America countries, and other Spanish cultures.

The term Latino was officially adopted in 1997 by the United States Government in the ethnonym Hispanic or Latino, which replaced the single term Hispanic: " Because regional usage of the terms differs – Hispanic is commonly used in the eastern portion of the United States, whereas Latino is commonly used in the western portion.

The word σκλάβος, in turn, comes from the ethnonym Slav, because in some wars in early mediaeval times many Slavs were captured and enslaved.

According to the traditional etymology the Slavic name derives from the Germanic ethnonym Silingi.

Terence's ethnonym Afer suggests he lived in the territory of the Libyan tribe called by the Romans Afri near Carthage prior to being brought to Rome as a slave.

He further connected this toxrï with the ethnonym Tócharoi (, Ptolemy VI, 11, 6, 2nd cent.

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region provincial government recommends that the generic ethnonym, adopted in the early 20th century for this Turkic people, be transcribed as " Uyghur.

The name " Uyghur " reappeared after the Soviet Union took the ninth-century ethnonym, from the Uyghur Khaganate, and reapplied it to all non-nomadic Turkic Muslims of Xinjiang, following a 19th-century proposal from Russian historians that modern-day Uyghurs were descended from the Turpan Kingdom and Kara-Khanid Khanate, which had formed after the dissolution of the Uyghur Khaganate.

The ethnonym is attested as early as the 13th century BCE in an Egyptian inscription.

The 19th century author Aonghas MacCoinnich of Glasgow proposed that Scoti was derived from a Gaelic ethnonym ( proposed by MacCoinnich ) Sgaothaich from sgaoth " swarm ", plus the derivational suffix-ach ( plural-aich ) However, this proposal to date has not been met with any response in mainstream place-name studies.

The group as a whole accepted the ethnonym " Tatars " ( finally in the end of 19th century ; although the name Bulgars persisted in some places ; the majority identified themselves simply as the Muslims ) and the language of the Kipchaks ; on the other hand, the invaders eventually converted to Islam.

The ethnonym Kazakh is from the same Turkic root.

There are several theories on the etymology of the ethnonym Serbs.

The Bosniaks, whose ethnonym initially referred to Slavic Christians ( Orthodox, Catholic and Bogomils ) which co-existed in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages, are today majority Muslim, since the Ottoman occupation.

Hebrews ( Hebrew: עברים or עבריים,, ;, ;, ) is an ethnonym used in the Jewish Bible.

Whether the Etruscans shared the Ixion figure with Hellenes from early times or whether Ixion figured among those Greek myths that were adapted at later dates to fit the Etruscan world-view, the figure on the mirror-back is shown as winged, a characteristic shared with Etruscan daimones and Underworld figures rather than human heroes.

There has been considerable scholarship, reaching back to Johann Jakob Bachofen in the mid-nineteenth century, about the possibility that Hera, whose early importance in Greek religion is firmly established, was originally the goddess of a matriarchal people, presumably inhabiting Greece before the Hellenes.

When Babrius set down fables from the Aesopica in verse for a Hellenistic Prince " Alexander ," he expressly stated at the head of Book II that this type of " myth " that Aesop had introduced to the " sons of the Hellenes " had been an invention of " Syrians " from the time of " Ninos " ( personifying Nineveh to Greeks ) and Belos (" ruler ").

Plutarch provides the most evocative version of this story: But when Egypt revolted with Athenian aid ... and Cimon's mastery of the sea forced the King to resist the efforts of the Hellenes and to hinder their hostile growth ... messages came down to Themistocles saying that the King commanded him to make good his promises by applying himself to the Hellenic problem ; then, neither embittered by anything like anger against his former fellow-citizens, nor lifted up by the great honor and power he was to have in the war, but possibly thinking his task not even approachable, both because Hellas had other great generals at the time, and especially because Cimon was so marvelously successful in his campaigns ; yet most of all out of regard for the reputation of his own achievements and the trophies of those early days ; having decided that his best course was to put a fitting end to his life, he made a sacrifice to the gods, then called his friends together, gave them a farewell clasp of his hand, and, as the current story goes, drank bull's blood, or as some say, took a quick poison, and so died in Magnesia, in the sixty-fifth year of his life ... They say that the King, on learning the cause and the manner of his death, admired the man yet more, and continued to treat his friends and kindred with kindness.

It was not till Hellen and his sons grew strong in Phthiotis, and were invited as allies into the other cities, that one by one they gradually acquired from the connection the name of Hellenes ; though a long time elapsed before that name could fasten itself upon all.

This was a ground-breaking concept, because the broadest basis of social identity in Greece at that time was either the individual city-state or the Greeks ( Hellenes ) as a group.

This was a ground-breaking concept, because the broadest basis of social identity in Greece at that time was either the individual city-state or the Greeks ( Hellenes ) as a group .</ ref > The Tamil poet Kaniyan Poongundran wrote in Purananuru, " To us all towns are one, all men our kin.

Similarly, Herodotus refers to a time when the " Athenians were just beginning to be counted as Hellenes ", implying that a formerly Pelasgian group over time acquired " Greekness ".

By the time of Euripides, the islands were identified with the Echinades: in Euripedes ' Iphigeneia at Aulis ( 405 BCE ), the chorus of women from Chalcis have spied the Hellenes ' fleet and seen Eurytus who " led the Taphian warriors with the white oar-blades, the subjects of Meges, son of Phyleus, who had left the isles of the Echinades, where sailors cannot land.

The Maniots at that time were called " Hellenes "— that is, pagans ( see Names of the Greeks )— and were only Christianized fully in the 9th century AD, though some church ruins from the 4th century AD indicate that Christianity was practiced by some Maniots in the region at an earlier time.

Hellenes in the wider meaning of the word appears in writing for the first time in an inscription by Echembrotus, dedicated to Heracles for his victory in the Amphictyonic Games, and refers to the 48th Olympiad ( 584 BC ).

The anonymous author of The Hellenic Realm of Law, published in 1806 in Pavia, Italy, speaks of Hellenes: " The time has come, O Hellenes, to liberate our home ".

The leader of the Greek War of Independence began his Declaration with a phrase similar to the above: " The time has come, O men, Hellenes ".