Reid simply states, without offering any supporting evidence, that `` after he returned to London, he resumed his draughts of laudanum, and continued this right up to his death ''.

Sarason et al present evidence that the anxious child will suffer in the test-like situation, and that his performance will be impaired unless he receives supporting and accepting treatment from the teacher.

A systematic 2003 review of controlled clinical trials related to the Alexander Technique found two reputable studies suggesting the Alexander Technique is effective in reducing the disability of patients suffering from Parkinson ’ s disease and improving pain behaviour and disability in patients with back pain, and concluded that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of the Alexander Technique is encouraging but not convincing.

One fringe theory, supported by paranormal investigator Jon-Erik Beckjord, theorizes that the lack of hard evidence supporting Bigfoot's existence may be due to the creature being an interdimensional being that slips in and out of dimensions.

The scientific community discounts the existence of Bigfoot, as there is no evidence supporting the survival of such a large, prehistoric ape-like creature.

The castle theory fell from favour among Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s, due to a lack of supporting archaeological evidence.

Geophysicist Jack Oliver is credited with providing seismologic evidence supporting plate tectonics which encompassed and superseded continental drift with “ Seismology and the New Global Tectonics ,” published in 1968, using data collected from seismologic stations, including those he set up in the South Pacific.

Because of consilience, the strength of evidence for any particular conclusion is related to how many independent methods are supporting the conclusion, as well as how different these methods are.

The DSM-IV does not specifically cite its sources, but there are four volumes of " sourcebooks " intended to be APA's documentation of the guideline development process and supporting evidence, including literature reviews, data analyses and field trials.

Manfred Nowak, one of five of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture, says that credible evidence exists supporting allegations about the use of Diego Garcia as a prison black site for alleged terrorists.

Currently there is no published reliable scientific evidence supporting this hypothesis and as such, it is merely a hypothesis.

Though there is little evidence supporting Aksumite control of the region at that time, his title, which includes king of Saba and Salhen, Himyar and Dhu-Raydan ( all in modern-day Yemen ), along with gold Aksumite coins with the inscriptions, " king of the Habshat " or " Habashite ," indicate that Aksum might have retained some legal or actual footing in the area.

Other authors and pedagogues remain skeptical about the necessity of this motion, but scientific evidence supporting this view has not been sufficiently developed at this time to support this view.

The observation that old windows are sometimes found to be thicker at the bottom than at the top is often offered as supporting evidence for the view that glass flows over a timescale of centuries.

The evidence supporting the effectiveness of hypnosis in alleviating chronic pain associated with cancer seems strong.

In his 1998 autobiography, Mullis expressed disagreement with the scientific evidence supporting climate change and ozone depletion, the evidence that HIV causes AIDS, and asserted his belief in astrology.

On August 15, 2011 the American Bar Association passed a resolution recommending to law schools that supporting information such as evidence of tribal enrollment or connection with Native American culture be required.

Pseudoscience is a claim, belief, or practice which is presented as scientific, but does not adhere to a valid scientific method, lacks supporting evidence or plausibility, cannot be reliably tested, or otherwise lacks scientific status.

Hypatius condemned it along with the Apollinarian texts, distributed during the Nestorian controversy under the names of Pope Julius and Athanasius, which the monophysites entered as evidence supporting their position.

Almost all rabbinic literature published since the Middle Ages discusses Rashi, either using his view as supporting evidence or debating against it.

Although postulated for about 20 years based on the D < sub > 2 </ sub > blockade effect common to all antipsychotics, it was not until the mid-1990s that PET and SPET imaging studies provided supporting evidence.

A competing theory to explain the presence of ice on the equatorial continents was that the Earth's axial tilt was quite high, in the vicinity of 60 °, which would place the Earth's land in high " latitudes ", although supporting evidence is scarce.

By 1856, his theory was much more sophisticated, with a mass of supporting evidence.

Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism.

The defense was allowed to enter into evidence six pages of a 517-page Justice Department report criticizing the FBI crime laboratory and David Williams, one of the agency's explosives experts, for reaching unscientific and biased conclusions.

In some appeals from decisions of administrative agencies, the courts apply a " substantial evidence " standard of review over the agency's factual findings.

The EA is intended to be a concise document that ( 1 ) briefly provides sufficient evidence and analysis for determining whether to prepare an EIS ; ( 2 ) aids an agency's compliance with NEPA when no environmental impact statement is necessary ; and ( 3 ) facilitates preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement when one is necessary ( 40 C. F. R.

Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U. S. 474 ( 1951 ), was a United States Supreme Court case which held that a court will defer to a federal agency's findings of fact if supported by " substantial evidence on the record considered as a whole.

The Court notes finally that court precedents indicate that the Court may not, " in the absence of compelling evidence that such was Congress ' intention ... prohibit administrative action imperative for the achievement of an agency's ultimate purposes.

It made no difference that most evidence points to an opposite conclusion.

The next level attempts to weigh varied evidence and come to a balanced, sensible conclusion ; ;

Obviously, a satisfactory answer to the third question is imperative, if the argument is to get under way at all, for if there is any possibility of doubt whether the patient's tactual sensitivity had been impaired by the occipital lesion, any findings whatsoever in regard to the first question become completely ambiguous and fail altogether, of course, as evidence to establish the desired conclusion.

In philosophy and logic, an argument is an attempt to persuade someone of something, or give evidence or reasons for accepting a particular conclusion.

A recent systematic review suggested that physical therapy is effective, but there is only moderate evidence to support this conclusion.

After 25 years of parapsychological research, Susan Blackmore came to the conclusion that there is no empirical evidence for an afterlife.

That is, when multiple sources of evidence are in agreement, the conclusion can be very strong even when none of the individual sources of evidence are very strong on their own.

As a result, when several different methods agree, this is strong evidence that none of the methods are in error and the conclusion is correct.

This is how scientific theories reach high confidence – over time, they build up a large degree of evidence which converges on the same conclusion.

However, when the convergence is strong enough, then new evidence inconsistent with the previous conclusion is not usually enough to outweigh that convergence.

A denialist may promote small gaps not yet accounted for by the consilient evidence, or small amounts of evidence contradicting a conclusion without accounting for the pre-existing strength resulting from consilience.

That is, individually the evidence may underdetermine the conclusion, but together they overdetermine it.

A similar way to state this is that to ask for one particular piece of evidence in favor of a conclusion is a flawed question.

It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence.

This conclusion has been disputed by others, who point to lack of consistent evidence, and consider the sources to be more open to interpretation.

After studying the Bible, Parham came to the conclusion that speaking in tongues was the Bible evidence that one had received the baptism with the Holy Spirit.

However, the overall conclusion of the study was that there was no evidence that hypnosis could be used for military applications, and also that there was no clear evidence for whether ' hypnosis ' actually exists as a definable phenomenon outside of ordinary suggestion, high motivation and subject expectancy.

High-profile cases have led to fears that serious crimes, such as homicide, have increased due to deinstitutionalization, but the evidence does not support this conclusion.

This may require the jury to decide between conflicting medical evidence which they are not necessarily equipped to do, but the law goes further and allows them to disagree with the experts if there are facts or surrounding circumstances which, in the opinion of the court, justify the jury in coming to that conclusion.

Dimmendaal ( 2008 ) notes that Greenberg ( 1963 ) based his conclusion on sound evidence, and that the proposal as a whole has become more convincing in the decades since.