In-situ soils can be compacted either by excavation and recompaction, or by methods such as deep dynamic compaction, vibrocompaction, or compaction grouting.

Here, they combined Wright's interest in ceramic typology in the best Albright tradition with Kenyon's methods of excavation, which allowed the isolation of clear, stratigraphically determined pottery assemblages ".

Thomsen was the first to perceive typologies of grave goods, grave types, methods of burial, pottery and decorative motifs, and to assign these types to layers found in excavation.

His published and personal advice to Danish archaeologists concerning the best methods of excavation produced immediate results that not only verified his system empirically but placed Denmark in the forefront of European archaeology for at least a generation.

It was one of the first archaeological sites to use modern methods of excavation such as ' flotation ,' which preserved even the tiniest and most fragile plant remains.

An informed choice can then be made of machinery and methods for excavation and ground support, which will reduce the risk of encountering unforeseen ground conditions.

Archaeology is Rubbish describes a fictional excavation site in an ordinary suburban back garden, and discusses the evidence from different archaeological periods, the various field methods and techniques used by the excavators, and the legal proceedings and problems that archaeologists in Britain face.

Hawass helped to institute a systematic program for the preservation and restoration of historical monuments, while training Egyptians to improve their expertise on methods of excavation, retrieval and preservation.

Ex-situ methods involve excavation of effected soils and subsequent treatment at the surface, In-situ methods seek to treat the contamination without removing the soils.

This process involves the excavation of the contaminated area into large bermed areas where they are treated using chemical oxidation methods.

* important excavations were carried out at Karnak ( marking the first full Egyptian use of the stratigraphic methods first developed by Karl Richard Lepsius and of photographing every object prior to its excavation ), Medinet-Habu and Deir el-Bahri

However, this was only the invention of the shield concept and did not involve the construction of a complete tunnel boring machine, the digging still having to be accomplished by the then standard excavation methods.

He learned Thomsen's methods of dating artifacts and controlled archaeological excavation.

These methods include pollen analysis, Geographic Information Systems, soil sampling, faunal analysis, ground penetrating radar, archival data ( including maps and census data ), and of course archaeological excavation methods.

: Site excavation has the potential to uncover building methods, such as the findings of postholes ( which can mark the previous existence of fence lines or other site boundaries ), timber, stones, and / or brick that marks the existence of man-made structures.

Trenchless construction includes such construction methods as tunneling, microtunneling ( MTM ), horizontal directional drilling ( HDD ) also known as directional boring, pipe ramming ( PR ), pipe Jacking ( PJ ), moling, horizontal auger boring ( HAB ) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal excavation.

Trenchless rehabilitation includes such construction methods as sliplining, thermoformed pipe, pipe bursting, shotcrete, gunite, cured-in-place pipe ( CIPP ), grout-in-place pipe, mechanical spot repair, and other methods for the repair, rehabilitation, or replacement of existing buried pipes and structures without excavation, or at least with minimal excavation.

From the 1960s, Brian Hobley, keeper of field archaeology at the Coventry Museum, commenced a long term project to combine excavation with a study of the methods by which Roman camps were built.

It is a unique narrative that effectively links the domination of the soul to contemporaneous advances in the field of Egyptology such as the 1894 excavation of the Narmer Palette, an ancient artifact used for situating the rebus within hermeneutics.

Walers are structural elements which connect across the excavation so that the loads from the soil on either side of the excavation are used to resist each other, or which transfer horizontal loads from the shoring wall to the base of the excavation.

The excavation discovered the following items in the two pits which formed a " T ": (# 1 ) remains of 46 human bones fragments ; (# 2 ) bullet jackets from short barrel guns / pistols ; (# 3 ) wooden boxes which had deteriorated into fragments: (# 4 ) pieces of ceramic which appear to be amphoras which were used as containers for acid ; (# 5 ) iron nails ; (# 6 ) iron angles: (# 7 ) seven fragments of teeth ; (# 8 ) fragment of fabric of a garment.

His mtDNA, passed down from the mother's side, can be used to compare samples from any human remains from the excavation site, and potentially to identify King Richard.

A recent excavation has suggested that the Aubrey Holes may have originally been used to erect a bluestone circle.

He later used artifacts and the excavation reports published or sent to him by Danish archaeologists who were doing controlled excavations.

It used some large natural caves which were increased in size by excavation and then sealed to store large volumes of air which could then be routed through the wind tunnels.

It is also important to note that for very deep sea excavation submarines are sometimes used to view sites.

Building the runway at Funafuti involved the loss of land used for growing pulaka and taro with extensive excavation of coral from what are still known as the borrow pits.

The feet have sharp claws used for perching on vertical surfaces and also during nest excavation.

An excavation by French archaeologists in 1969 produced a plethora of objects of antiquity including a rare Neolithic male figurine, Mycenean shards, bone flutes, iron and bronze rings, miniature bronze statues, 50, 000 terracotta figurines from the classical period and 24, 000 astragoloi, or " knucklebones " ( used for astragolomancy, or " prophecy by knucklebones ").

When excavation for swimming pools was done, residents found dishes from New Orleans hotels and restaurants whose table scraps were once used to feed animals.

This area of Causeway Street was used for clay excavation for the manufacture of bricks, as well as sand excavation.

This would have been alongside the main Roman road from London to Colchester and used as a stop over point on the long journey, another notable find during the excavation was a Votive Offering pool in the grounds of the temple, the pool contained several artefacts that would have been offered to the gods.

The BBC also used the studio facilities at Ealing for filmed inserts where the electronic studio could not be used, such as for the excavation site in Quatermass and the Pit ( 1958 – 59 ), The White Rabbit ( TV mini-series, 1967 ), Colditz ( 1972 – 74 ) and the communal sequences in Porridge ( 1974 – 77 ).

Dr. White's research endeavors have included analysis and publication of Penn ’ s excavations at Ban Chiang in Thailand in the mid 1970s ; ecological field research at Ban Chiang in 1978-1981 including investigations of how local people identified and used plants ; lake coring and ecological mapping for palaeoenvironmental research in several parts of Thailand during the 1990s ; and since 2001, survey and excavation in northern Laos, especially in Luang Prabang Province.

Most of the small finds from the de Vaux excavations were taken back to Jerusalem to be used in later excavation reports for Qumran, but the death of Roland de Vaux brought a halt to the reports and the small finds were left to gather dust on shelves in museum backrooms.

The focus of Petrie ’ s work shifted permanently to Palestine in 1926 ( although he did become interested in early Egypt, in 1928 digging a cemetery at Luxor that proved so huge that he devised an entirely new excavation system, including comparison charts for finds, which is still used today ).

They are also used for excavation ( construction ) covers, industrial shelters.

In practice, there is overlap between the three processes with, for example, the excavation of the crater continuing in some regions while modification and collapse is already underway in others.

Conversely, the vast majority of early attempts at proper excavation techniques failed to accurately measure or record stratigraphy, thereby failing to provide a secure context for artefact finds making interpretations extremely limited in scope.

Farrer, like many antiquarians of the day, was not noted for his careful excavation of sites.

John Hedges describes him as possessing " a rapacious appetite for excavation matched only by his crude techniques, lack of inspiration, and general inability to publish.

The causes are first a decrease in the sedimentation rate due to the locking of sediment behind hydroelectric dams and the deliberate excavation of sand from rivers for industrial purposes.

The excavation was called the fossa, the Latin word for ditch.

The first such scene took place immediately after the excavation of the Stargate in 1928 and showed petrified Horus guards near the cover stones ; the producers had tried to introduce the idea that beings had attempted to come through the Stargate after its burial, but they cut the scene for time concerns.

The origin of the name and of a boar ( the scrofa semilanuta ) as a symbol of the city are fancifully accounted for in Andrea Alciato's Emblemata ( 1584 ), beneath a woodcut of the first raising of the city walls, where a boar is seen lifted from the excavation, and the etymology of Mediolanum given as " half-wool ", explained in Latin and in French.

In 1448 the Berliner Unwille ( indignation ) against the cession of the city's territory for an electoral stronghold culminated in open revolt, when the citizens flooded the excavation of the future Stadtschloss.

The two constant themes in his attempts to improve archaeological excavation were, first, to maintain strict stratigraphic control while excavating ( for this purpose, the baulks between his trenches served to retain a record of the strata that had been dug through ), and, second, to publish the excavation promptly and in a form that would tell the story of the site to the intelligent reader.

Nuclear explosives were once considered for use in large-scale excavation.

A Neo-Babylonian royal inscription of Nebuchadnezzar II on a stele from Babylon, claimed to have been found in the 1917 excavation by Robert Koldewey, and of uncertain authenticity, reads: " Etemenanki Zikkurat Babibli of Babylon I made it, the wonder of the people of the world, I raised its top to heaven, made doors for the gates, and I covered it with bitumen and bricks.

Little excavation has been done for these levels, which represent the kârum's first habitation ( Mellaart 1957 ).

* Integrated Archaeological Database, an open source web based application for archaeological excavation projects

Within the practice of excavation, numerous specialized techniques are available for use, and each dig will have its particular features, which will determine the archaeologists ' approach.

Various new forms of excavation terminology have appeared in recent years such as Strip map and sample some of which have been criticized within the profession as jargon created to cover up for falling standards of practice.

A strategy for sampling the contexts and features is formulated which may involve total excavation of each feature or only portions.

If the arbitrary area for excavation is wisely chosen, the sequence should be revealed and excavation can return to a truly stratigraphic method.