With the emergence of Christianity and the rise of Islam, Constantinople became the last bastion of Christian Europe, standing at the fore of Islamic expansion, and repelling its influence.

The primary aim of jihad as warfare is not the conversion of non-Muslims to Islam by force, but rather the expansion and defense of the Islamic state.

While Sunni Islam was the state religion, there was not widespread pressure to convert ; indeed, Jahangir specifically warned his nobles that they " should not force Islam on anyone .” In the first century of Islamic expansion this attitude was taken partially because of concerns that an absence of non-Muslims would deprive the state of a valuable source of revenue.

Upon the spread of Islam, libraries in newly Islamic lands knew a brief period of expansion in the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and Spain.

Under Charles Martel's leadership, the Franks defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732, limiting the expansion of Islam onto the European continent.

Muhammad died in 632, but with the sense of unity that he had passed on to his Ummah ( Islamic nation ), Islam began a rapid expansion, and within the next few hundred years stretched from North Africa well into Asia and parts of Europe.

Of these, many were Ghazi warriors, or fighters for Islam, border fighters who believed they were fighting for the expansion or defense of Islam.

The expansion of Islam did not affect Bahrain's reliance on trade, and its prosperity continued to be dependent on markets in Mesopotamia.

After his death in 632, much of the expansion of the empire came through conquest, such as that of North Africa and later Spain ( Al-Andalus ), and the Islamic conquest of Persia putting an end to the Sassanid Empire and spreading the reach of Islam to as far East as Khorasan, which would later become the cradle of Islamic civilization during the Islamic Golden Age and a stepping-stone towards the introduction of Islam to the Turkic tribes living in and bordering the area.

In Central Asia, Islam expanded from the 7th century onward, bringing a stop to Chinese westward expansion at the Battle of Talas in 751.

Due to the rapid expansion of Islam in the 8th century, many people learned Arabic as a lingua franca.

Uthman had the distinction of working for the expansion of Islam, and he sent the first official Muslim envoy to China in 650.

The inclusiveness of the Abbasid regime, and that of al-Mansur, saw the expansion of Islam among its territory ; in 750, roughly 8 % of residents in the Caliphate were Muslims.

Islam and Protestantism entered into contact during the 16th century, at a time when Protestant movements in northern Europe coincided with the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in southern Europe.

In India, Buddhist art flourished and even influenced the development of Hindu art, until Buddhism nearly disappeared in India around the 10th century due in part to the vigorous expansion of Islam alongside Hinduism.

" Since the Arabs had reached their greatest glories through the expansion of Islam, Islam was seen as a universal message as well as an expression of secular genius on the part of the Arab peoples.

During the 8th century, Ferghana was the location of fierce rivalry between the Tang Dynasty of China and the expansion of Muslim power, leading to the Battle of Talas in 751, which marked the victory of Islam and the disengagement of China from Central Asia.

These remnants of the Kushan empire were ultimately wiped out in the 5th century by the invasions of the Hephthalites, and later the expansion of Islam.

Arab expansion and the spread of Islam pushed the development of trans-Saharan trade.

Grape growing was a significant economic activity in the Middle east up to the 7th century, when the expansion of Islam caused it to decline.

The initial Muslim conquests began in the 7th century after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and were marked by a century of rapid Arab expansion beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates.

The centre of gravity of Wessex in the late 6th and early 7th century seems to have lain farther to the north than in later periods, following successful expansion to the south and west.

During the Migration Period, the Slavic tribe of the Carantanians migrated into the Alps in the wake of the expansion of their Avar overlords during the 7th century, mixed with the Celto-Romanic population, and established the realm of Carantania, which covered much of eastern and central Austrian territory.

The following seasons saw Tromsø IL end 6th, 8th, 6th, and 7th ( all safe mid-table positions ), before the expansion of the Norwegian Premier League from 12 to 14 teams in 1995, when Tromsø IL again ended 6th.

In 1997 John T. Koch suggested the conflation of a probable primary form * Bernech with the native form * Brïγent for the old civitas Brigantum as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.

Speakers of Proto-Hungarian would have come into contact with Turkic peoples during the 7th or 8th century, in the context of the Turkic expansion, as is also evidenced by numerous Turkic loanwords in Proto-Hungarian.

A more widespread usage of the term Nayaka can be traced to the expansion of the Western Chalukyas into Andhra country during the 7th century.

The Northern Virginia Royals joined the USISL D-3 Pro League as an expansion franchise in 1998, and ended their first season in 7th place behind Delaware Wizards in the Atlantic Division with a 5-12-1 record.

The expansion of the Arab people in the 7th and 8th century brought them into contact with a variety of different peoples who would affect their culture.

In 1868, the old people's home or hospital of the Petits Ménages relocated from the 7th arrondissement to Issy-les-Moulineaux, leaving a large area for the expansion of Le Bon Marché department store.

Originally a pastoral people, the Kanuri were one of many Nilo-Saharan groups indigenous to the Central South Sahara, beginning their expansion in the area of Lake Chad in the late 7th century, and absorbing both indigenous Nilo-Saharan and Chadic ( Afro-Asiatic ) speakers.

This was due mainly to the earliest ( at that time ) iconographic depictions of lateen rigged ships from the Mediterranean post-dating the Islamic expansion into the Mediterranean basin ... It was assumed that the Arab people who invaded the Mediterranean basin in the 7th century carried with them the sailing rig familiar to them.

Despite the Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century CE by the Islamic Caliphate, Persia continued to exercise enormous influence in the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age, and was particularly instrumental in the growth and expansion of Islam.

The focus on expansion and internationalisation of research was recognised in 1984 as NHH was ranked 7th globally and 3rd in Europe in the American Economic Review amongst economics schools or departments in non-English speaking countries by publications in leading journals.

The A $ 750 million expansion within the RAAF Base Edinburgh, including facilities for 7th RAR ( Mechanized Army Battalion ), was largely completed in 2011.

The Arab waves of migration toward the fertile crescent started in the last millennium BC and culminated in the 7th century CE with the great Islamic expansion, which by far surpassed all previous expansions, reaching a maximum extent from southern France to the borders of China.

The chapel encompasses a period of both Visigothic dominance ( 6th – 7th century ) and the expansion of the Kingdom of Asturias ( 9th – 10th century ).

The one military unit that was present in nearly all of the Arabic expansion of the 7th to 9th centuries was the Anṣâr Warrior.

With the Arab expansion in the late 7th century came a life of warfare for the residents of the easternmost territories.

Nevertheless, from the 7th century BC onwards, the Greek nation recovers its power and starts its own colonial expansion, founding Massalia ( modern Marseilles ) and its Iberian outpost of Emporion ( modern Empúries ).

After the Chinese debacle of 1962 when the need to have a larger army was felt, the Parachute Regiment too had its share of expansion with the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th battalions being raised in a span of two years.

By 1873, the 7th Cavalry moved into the fort to ensure the expansion of the Northern Pacific Railway.