This has been his first encounter with mankind, and, although he has now become a legendary figure in the popular European press, it leaves him profoundly dissatisfied.

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

In early 1776, Thomas Paine argued in the closing pages of the first edition of Common Sense that the “ custom of nations ” demanded a formal declaration of American independence if any European power were to mediate a peace between the Americans and Great Britain.

* In the year 1000, the Icelander Leif Ericson was the first European to set foot on North American soil, corresponding to today's Eastern coast of Canada, i. e. the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, including the area of land named " Vinland " by Ericson.

His son Snorri Thorfinnsson was the first American born ( somewhere between 1010 and 1013 ) to European ( Icelandic ) immigrant parents.

With curtailment of the MCC funding, the European Union may replace the US as Armenia ’ s chief source of foreign aid for the first time since independence.

During the first 11 months of 2006, the European Union remained Armenia's largest trading partner, accounting for 34. 4 percent of its $ 2. 85 billion commercial exchange during the 11-month period.

Cabot is believed the first Western European on the mainland.

* 1498 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

British explorer David Thompson was the first European to navigate the entire length of the Columbia River in 1811.

Well known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mail hauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissance knights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I ( 1914 – 15 ).

The first generation of television chefs such as Robert Carrier and Julia Child tended to concentrate on cooking based primarily on European, especially French and Italian, cuisines.

His watercolours mark him as one of the first European landscape artists, while his ambitious woodcuts revolutionized the potential of that medium.

Lucas van Leyden was the only Northern European engraver to successfully continue to produce large engravings in the first third of the century.

Although Dürer made no innovations in these areas, he is notable as the first Northern European to treat matters of visual representation in a scientific way, and with understanding of Euclidean principles.

Other anti-war demonstrations were organized by the antiglobalization movement: see for example the large demonstration, organized against the impending war in Iraq, which closed the first European Social Forum in November, 2002 in Florence, Italy.

The first European Social Forum ( ESF ) was held in November 2002 in Florence.

Steiner was one of the first European philosophers to overcome the subject-object split in Western thought.

It is also the first known European record ( in chapter 38 ) that mentions Vinland ( Winland ) island ( insula ), a land centuries later possibly identified as Newfoundland, Canada, North America, as well as dog-headed people in Scandinavia.

According to the European Music Office's report on Music in Europe, this was the first of many pop acts that helped inspire a backlash and the creation of an underground hip hop scene.

This agreement, the first Afghan pact with a European power, stipulated joint action in case of Franco-Persian aggression against Afghan or British dominions.

He was the first European to visit the region of Benin in Nigeria and named the river located there, the Rio Fermoso.

The first European sighting of the Virgin Islands was by Christopher Columbus in 1493 on his second voyage to the Americas.

* 1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now Florida.

Amerigo Vespucci () ( March 9, 1454February 22, 1512 ) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus ' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Afro-Eurasians.

* Daniel Boone ( November 2, 1734 October 22 – September 26, 1820 ) was an American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States.

Antoine Thomson d ' Abbadie d ' Arrast ( January 3, 1810 – March 19, 1897 ) was an Irish-French and Basque explorer, geographer, ethnologue, linguist and astronomer notable for his travels in Ethiopia during the first half of the 19th century.

The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 (" the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily ").

Though Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas ( having been preceded by the Norse expedition led by Leif Ericson in the 11th century ), Columbus's voyages led to the first lasting European contact with America, inaugurating a period of European exploration and colonization of foreign lands that lasted for several centuries.

Giovanni Caboto ( John Cabot ) reportedly visited the island in 1497 to become the first Renaissance European explorer to visit present-day Canada.

File: Cabotslanding. jpg | Cabot's Landing, Victoria County, commemorating the " first land seen " by explorer John Cabot in 1497

The National Speleological Society of the USA was later founded in 1941 ( originally formed as the Speleological Society of the District of Columbia on May 6, 1939 ) and the Swiss Society of Speleology created in 1939 in Geneva, but the first speleological institute in the world was founded in 1920 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, by Emil Racovita, a Romanian biologist, zoologist, speleologist and explorer of Antarctica.

However, it was French explorer Jacques Cartier who made the first detailed reconnaissance of the region for a European power, and in so doing, claimed the region for the King of France.

The first known contact between Guam and Western Europe occurred when Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, anchored his small 3-ship fleet in Umatac Bay on March 6, 1521.

In 1875, British explorer Ernest Giles became the first European to cross the desert.

Edgerton worked with the undersea explorer Jacques Cousteau, by first providing him with custom designed underwater photographic equipment featuring electronic flash, and then by developing sonar techniques used to discover the Britannic.

Early reference to the Chinese export of ivory is recorded after the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian ventured to the west to form alliances to enable for the eventual free movement of Chinese goods to the west ; as early as the first century BC, ivory was moved along the Northern Silk Road for consumption by western nations.

A Scientology profile says that he was brought up on his grandfather's " large cattle ranch in Montana " where he spent his days " riding, breaking broncos, hunting coyote and taking his first steps as an explorer ".

It is believed that the French explorer Jean Nicolet was the first non-Native American to reach Lake Michigan in 1634 or 1638.

In this group, the explorer Antoine Simon Le Page du Pratz may be the first historian of Louisiana with his Histoire de la Louisiane ( 3 vols., Paris, 1758 ; 2 vols., London, 1763 )

The name Madageiscar was first recorded in the memoirs of 13th-century Venetian explorer Marco Polo as a corrupted form of the name Mogadishu, the Somali port with which Polo had confused the island.

Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526.

Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition.

* 1576 – Spanish explorer Diego García de Palacio first sights the ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Copán.

He and Matthias Ringmann are credited with the first recorded usage of the word America, on the 1507 map Universalis Cosmographia in honour of the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

In 1788 the African Association was formed in England to promote the exploration of Africa in the hopes of locating the Niger, and in June 1796 the Scottish explorer Mungo Park was the first European to lay eyes on the river.