The cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, that vital functions of an organism occur within cells, and that all cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.

In the 1740s, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made the first known suggestion in a series of essays that all organisms may have had a common ancestor, and that they had diverged through random variation and natural selection.

Modern crocodilians can live as scavengers and can survive for months without food and go into hibernation when conditions are unfavourable, and their young are small, grow slowly, and feed largely on invertebrates and dead organisms or fragments of organisms for their first few years.

Modern crocodilians can live as scavengers and can survive for months without food, and their young are small, grow slowly, and feed largely on invertebrates and dead organisms or fragments of organisms for their first few years.

The first Digimon anime introduces the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data.

It was Darwin and his contemporaries who first linked the hierarchical structure of the great tree of life in living organisms with the then very sparse fossil record.

Bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics.

He first termed it aquaculture but later found that aquaculture was already applied to culture of aquatic organisms.

They have long been the most intensively studied model organisms, and were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced.

The experiment aimed to prove that a living passenger could survive being launched into orbit and endure weightlessness, paving the way for human spaceflight and providing scientists with some of the first data on how living organisms react to spaceflight environments.

The first form of life to develop on the Earth were microbes, and they remained the only form of life on the planet until about a billion years ago when multi-cellular organisms began to appear.

It first came under question in 1824, when Friedrich Wöhler synthesized oxalic acid, a compound known to occur only in living organisms, from cyanogen.

For example geochemical signatures from rocks may help to discover when life first arose on Earth, and analyses of carbon isotope ratios may help to identify climate changes and even to explain major transitions such as the Permian – Triassic extinction event .< ref name =" Twitchett "> A relatively recent discipline, molecular phylogenetics, often helps by using comparisons of different modern organisms ' DNA and RNA to re-construct evolutionary " family trees "; it has also been used to estimate the dates of important evolutionary developments, although this approach is controversial because of doubts about the reliability of the " molecular clock ".

The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved about, early in the evolutionary history of life, when all forms of life on Earth were microorganisms and the atmosphere had much more carbon dioxide.

Then the total number of i-type organisms after the first round of reproduction, given as, is

Systematics uses taxonomy as a primary tool in understanding organisms, as nothing about an organism's relationships with other living things can be understood without it first being properly studied and described in sufficient detail to identify and classify it correctly.

Historical records show that informally classifying organisms took place at least back to the days of Aristotle ( Greece, 384-322 BC ), who was the first to begin to classify all living things.

In 1680, the Dutch naturalist Anton van Leeuwenhoek first microscopically observed yeast, but at the time did not consider them to be living organisms but rather globular structures.

* September – Robert Hooke's Micrographia published in London, first applying the term ' cell ' to plant tissue, which he discovered first in cork, then in living organisms, using a microscope.

This genus is of great interest since it contains thale cress ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced.

Its first stages ( sometimes called " alpha taxonomy ") are concerned with finding, describing and naming species of living or fossil organisms.

The first genetically engineered products were medicines designed to treat human diseases.

The first genetically modified food product was a tomato which was transformed to delay its ripening.

GloFish, the first genetically modified animal to be sold as a pet

Since the first commercial cultivation of genetically modified plants in 1996, they have been modified to be tolerant to the herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate, to be resistant to virus damage as in Ringspot virus-resistant GM papaya, grown in Hawaii, and to produce the Bt toxin, an insecticide that is documented as non-toxic to mammals.

The first transgenic ( genetically modified ) animal was produced by injecting DNA into mouse embryos then implanting the embryos in female mice.

The children of monozygotic twins test genetically as half-siblings ( or full siblings, if monozygotic twin sisters reproduce with monozygotic twin brothers, if monozygotic twin brothers reproduce with the same woman, or if monozygotic twin sisters reproduce with the same man ), rather than first cousins.

A genetically engineered rapeseed that is tolerant to herbicide was first introduced to Canada in 1995.

As a biotech company, Monsanto was among the first to genetically modify a plant cell, along with three academic teams, announced in 1983, and was among the first to conduct field trials of genetically modified crops, which it did in 1987.

Monsanto scientists became the first to genetically modify a plant cell in 1982.

Five years later, Monsanto conducted the first field tests of genetically engineered crops.

Such ' intrusive thoughts about the LO ... appear to be genetically driven ': indeed, limerence is first and foremost a condition of cognitive obsession.

Joseph Murray and J. Hartwell Harrison performed the first successful transplant, a kidney transplant between identical twins, in 1954, successful because no immunosuppression was necessary in genetically identical twins.

* CC ( cat ), also known as CopyCat, the first genetically cloned pet

Along with Commander Sisko, Quark was also among the first to encounter the genetically engineered soldiers of the Dominion, the Jem ' Hadar.

In the storyline, Mohiam blackmails the homosexual Baron Harkonnen into a sexual encounter ; when the first daughter she conceives proves genetically undesirable, she is forced to return.

Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its Flavr Savr delayed ripening tomato ..

Golden rice contains beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, and was the first genetically modified crop in which an entire biosynthetic pathway was engineered.

The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant.

In 2000, with the production of golden rice, scientists genetically modified food to increase its nutrient value for the first time.

A first mtDNA D-loop haplotype comparison between heath hen specimens and prairie-chickens ( Palkovacs et al., 2004 ) brought the unexpected result that all heath hens tested formed a group very distinct from mainland birds, being most similar genetically to Greater Prairie Chickens from Wisconsin.