The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

" In contrast to this, St Peter, the first apostle called by Jesus ( Matthew 4 ) and considered today the first pope, was married ( Matthew 8 ).

A well-known instance of the " John Cardinal Doe " style is that in the proclamation, in Latin, of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: " Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum ; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum ( first name ) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem ( last name ), ..." ( Meaning: " I announce to you a great joy ; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord ( first name ) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church ( last name ), ...")

Cesare's father, Pope Alexander VI, was the first pope who openly recognized his children by a lover.

Pope Gelasius I was the first pope recorded as enjoying diplomatic immunity, as it is noted in his letter Duo sunt to emperor Anastasius.

# The New Testament, in which the first pope, St. Peter, commands that all Christians shall honour the Roman Emperor (), even though, at that time, he was still a pagan emperor.

This issue came to the fore in the first part of the eleventh century when Rome and the pope sought autonomy from the Holy Roman Emperor.

* 533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.

In the first book, concerned with the government of God and the Ten Commandments, he attacked the temporal rule of the clergy – in temporal things the king is above the pope, and the collection of annates and indulgences is simony.

* 2001 – During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.

* 1999 – Pope John Paul II travels to Romania becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.

Indeed, her first marriage had been annulled by a previous pope, Julius II, on that basis.

However, John A. T. Robinson and other scholars argued for a much earlier dating, based on the fact that the New Testament writings make no mention of ( 1 ) the Great Fire of Rome ( A. D. 64 ), one of the most destructive fires in Roman history, which Emperor Nero blamed on the Christians, and led to the first major persecution of believers ; ( 2 ) the final years and deaths of Paul, who wrote most of the epistles, Peter, whom Catholics recognize as the first pope, and the other apostles ; ( 3 ) Nero's suicide ( A. D. 68 ); or ( 4 ) the total destruction of the temple in Jerusalem ( A. D. 70 ), which Robinson thought should certainly have appeared, considering the importance of that event for Jews and Christians of that time.

In line with the " Declaration of Utrecht " of 1889, they accept the first seven ecumenical councils and doctrine formulated before 1054, but reject communion with the pope and a number of other Roman Catholic doctrines and practices.

The first known family member is one Bobone, in the early 11th century, father of Pietro, in turn father of Giacinto dei Boboni ( 1110 – 1198 ), who in 1191 became pope as Celestine III.

Peter never bore the title of " pope ", which came into use three centuries later, but Catholics traditionally recognize him as the first pope, while official declarations of the Church only speak of the popes as holding within the college of the Bishops a role analogous to that held by Peter within the college of the Apostles, of which the college of the Bishops, a distinct entity, is the successor.

Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the " Fisherman's Ring " by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, whom he first either reconfirms or reappoints.

The pope then assumes a place of honor as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first " obedience " ( adoratio ) and to receive his blessing.

There, after a solemn Papal Mass, the new pope was crowned with the triregnum ( papal tiara ) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing Urbi et Orbi (" to the City and to the World ").

The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the Donation of Sutri, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler Pippin the Younger gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards.

But all the reports of this first embassy show that the two Savoyards were the heads of it, for they were the only ones who were empowered to swear for the king that he would abide by the pope's decision and who were allowed to appoint deputies in the event that one was unavoidably absent.

The first pretrial conference -- held to appoint amici curiae to represent the interest of the stockholders of Du Pont and General Motors and to consider the procedure to be followed in the subsequent hearings -- took place on September 25, 1957.

One of his initial acts in office was to appoint Philip Coombs of the Ford Foundation as the first Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs.

At the first Town Meeting following the annual town election he is to appoint, subject to Town Meeting's confirmation, a Deputy Moderator from the elected Members.

They afforded his first contact with the Spanish monarchy that was to eventually appoint him court painter.

His first act was to appoint the inaugural Prime Minister, Edmund Barton, since the first federal elections were not held until March.

In 1952, he advised Queen Elizabeth II to appoint Vincent Massey as the first Canadian-born Governor-General.

Although the first three Hanoverians rarely attended Cabinet meetings they insisted on their prerogatives to appoint and dismiss ministers and to direct policy even if from outside the Cabinet.

Roosevelt was the first president to appoint a representative of the Jewish minority to a cabinet position – Secretary of Commerce and Labor, Oscar S. Straus, 1906 – 09.

He served until 1855, a few weeks into Lord Palmerston's first premiership, whereupon he resigned along with the rest of the Peelites after a motion was passed to appoint a committee of inquiry into the conduct of the war.

The Communists ' two allied parties broke their long-standing alliance, forcing Jaruzelski to appoint Solidarity's Tadeusz Mazowiecki as the country's first non-Communist prime minister since 1948.

When the Portuguese king Manuel I of Portugal decided to appoint the first governor and viceroy of Portuguese India in 1505, Vasco da Gama was conspicuously overlooked, and the post given to D. Francisco de Almeida.

His first action, on 18 December 1534, was to appoint his grandsons as cardinals.

The new Labour government under Harold Wilson immediately faced economic problems and Wilson acted within his first hours to appoint Callaghan as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The Chancellor is " primus inter pares " (" first among equals ") in the Austrian government, they chair the government meetings but do not possess the power to direct, appoint or dismiss Ministers.

In June 2006, Bahrain was elected head of the United Nations General Assembly, and used the honour to appoint Haya bint Rashid Al Khalifa as the Assembly's president, making her the first Middle East woman and only the third woman in history to take over the post.

One of Pius VII's first acts was to appoint the minor cleric Ercole Consalvi, who had performed so ably as secretary to the recent conclave, to the College of Cardinals and to the office of Cardinal Secretary of State.

Never having forgiven Theodora for being their father ’ s first choice, Zoe persuaded her husband to appoint one of his own men as the chief of Theodora ’ s household, with orders to spy on her.

* March 2008 – Colorado is first state to appoint a gay square dance couple to chair the State's Festival

Tonga was the first royal court to appoint a court jester in modern times ; Taufa ' ahau Tupou IV, the King of Tonga, appointed JD Bogdanoff to that role in 1999.

See also Acts 2: 10 where Jews from Cyrene heard the disciples speaking in their own language in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost ; 6: 9 where some Cyrenian Jews disputed with a disciple named Stephen ; 11: 20 tells of Jewish Christians originally from Cyrene who ( along with believers from Cyprus ) first preached the Gospel to non-Jews ; 13: 1 names Lucius of Cyrene as one of several to whom the Holy Spirit spoke, instructing them to appoint Barnabas and Saul ( later Paul ) for missionary service.

The first Duchy of Cornwall Charter of 1337 stated that the " Shrievalty of Cornwall " was vested in the Duke of Cornwall, such that the duke has the authority to appoint the High Sheriff in the county.

A bequest allowed the Trust to appoint its first member of staff in 1973.

The first jail was built in the North Park and replaced at least once ; the structure can not have been very substantial because in 1901 the town fathers were forced to appoint a committee to inquire into what had happened to the jail.