The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

" In contrast to this, St Peter, the first apostle called by Jesus ( Matthew 4 ) and considered today the first pope, was married ( Matthew 8 ).

A well-known instance of the " John Cardinal Doe " style is that in the proclamation, in Latin, of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: " Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum ; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum ( first name ) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem ( last name ), ..." ( Meaning: " I announce to you a great joy ; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord ( first name ) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church ( last name ), ...")

Cesare's father, Pope Alexander VI, was the first pope who openly recognized his children by a lover.

Pope Gelasius I was the first pope recorded as enjoying diplomatic immunity, as it is noted in his letter Duo sunt to emperor Anastasius.

# The New Testament, in which the first pope, St. Peter, commands that all Christians shall honour the Roman Emperor (), even though, at that time, he was still a pagan emperor.

This issue came to the fore in the first part of the eleventh century when Rome and the pope sought autonomy from the Holy Roman Emperor.

* 533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.

In the first book, concerned with the government of God and the Ten Commandments, he attacked the temporal rule of the clergy – in temporal things the king is above the pope, and the collection of annates and indulgences is simony.

* 2001 – During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.

* 1999 – Pope John Paul II travels to Romania becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.

Indeed, her first marriage had been annulled by a previous pope, Julius II, on that basis.

However, John A. T. Robinson and other scholars argued for a much earlier dating, based on the fact that the New Testament writings make no mention of ( 1 ) the Great Fire of Rome ( A. D. 64 ), one of the most destructive fires in Roman history, which Emperor Nero blamed on the Christians, and led to the first major persecution of believers ; ( 2 ) the final years and deaths of Paul, who wrote most of the epistles, Peter, whom Catholics recognize as the first pope, and the other apostles ; ( 3 ) Nero's suicide ( A. D. 68 ); or ( 4 ) the total destruction of the temple in Jerusalem ( A. D. 70 ), which Robinson thought should certainly have appeared, considering the importance of that event for Jews and Christians of that time.

In line with the " Declaration of Utrecht " of 1889, they accept the first seven ecumenical councils and doctrine formulated before 1054, but reject communion with the pope and a number of other Roman Catholic doctrines and practices.

The first known family member is one Bobone, in the early 11th century, father of Pietro, in turn father of Giacinto dei Boboni ( 1110 – 1198 ), who in 1191 became pope as Celestine III.

Peter never bore the title of " pope ", which came into use three centuries later, but Catholics traditionally recognize him as the first pope, while official declarations of the Church only speak of the popes as holding within the college of the Bishops a role analogous to that held by Peter within the college of the Apostles, of which the college of the Bishops, a distinct entity, is the successor.

Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the " Fisherman's Ring " by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, whom he first either reconfirms or reappoints.

The pope then assumes a place of honor as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first " obedience " ( adoratio ) and to receive his blessing.

There, after a solemn Papal Mass, the new pope was crowned with the triregnum ( papal tiara ) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing Urbi et Orbi (" to the City and to the World ").

The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the Donation of Sutri, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler Pippin the Younger gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards.

The government did not turn away refugees, but it did invoke the principle of " first country of asylum.

His initial implementation consisted of a pair of matrices, the first one generated signals in the manner of the Whirlwind control store, while the second matrix selected which row of signals ( the microprogram instruction word, as it were ) to invoke on the next cycle.

U. S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger recalled the first time he heard someone invoke " the sacramental language of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, mumbling about the need for a just and lasting peace within secure and recognized borders ".

John of Salisbury is one of the first examples related by Richard Kieckhefer, but as a Parisian ecclesiastical court record of 1323 shows, a " group who were plotting to invoke the demon Berich from inside a circle made from strips of cat skin ," were obviously participating in the church ’ s definition of " necromancy ".

The first is an epitaph in which the dead man is imagined to invoke blessings on those who had buried the body, and the second records the poet's gratitude to the drowned man for having saved his own life — Simonides had been warned by his ghost not to set sail from the island with his companions, who all subsequently drowned.

Besides the first 10 overs of an innings, each team captain can invoke one non-overlapping Powerplay lasting five overs.

The Magick User who wants to invoke a demon must first succeed in drawing a protective circle, then the devil appears and it can then be ordered to request a service or be bound for a period of time.

He presides over the concrete and abstract beginnings of the world, such as religion and the gods themselves, he too holds the access to Heaven and other gods: this is the reason why men must invoke him first, regardless of the god they want to pray or placate.

David Hilbert was the first to invoke the term " metamathematics " with regularity ( see Hilbert's program ).

The first three blessings as a section are known as the shevach (" praise "), and serve to inspire the worshipper and invoke God's mercy.

The first chapter refers on how to deal with the angels of the several hours of the day ( meaning day and night ), to their seals, their nature, their servants ( called Dukes ), the relation of these angels with the seven planets known at that time, the proper astrological aspects to invoke them, their names ( in a couple of cases coinciding with two of the seventy-two demons mentioned in the Ars Goetia ), the conjuration and the invocation to call them, the Table of practice.

Santo became the first player to invoke the ten-and-five rule under the collective bargaining agreement signed after the 1972 Major League Baseball strike ( the rule allows players with 10 years ' service, the last five with the same team, to decline any trade ).

Wallraff was one of the first people in Germany to invoke his constitutional right not to do armed military service.

For example, to build the compile target Ant must first create a directory called classes ( Ant will only do so if it does not already exist ) and then invoke the Java compiler.

Ahmad's followers claim that he had categorically vowed in Anjam-e-Atham not to engage in any more debates, as he judged them ineffective at convincing the religious clergy to reform ( the reason why he had challenged Meher Ali Shah to such a decisive contest in the first place and not to a debate ); rather, he would invoke God for divine intervention by holding such contests or " prayer duels ", which he called Ejazi-Muqabala, or " miraculous contest ", between him and his opponents, primarily Christian missionaries and Muslim scholars and divines.

He was among the first to invoke Salic Law as a reasoning against female succession to the throne.

In determining the case, the court first considered the question of whether the First Amendment reached non-speech acts, since Johnson was convicted of flag desecration rather than verbal communication, and, if so, whether Johnson's burning of the flag constituted expressive conduct, which would permit him to invoke the First Amendment in challenging his conviction.

Returning to Australia on September 12 with the Prime Minister on board Air Force Two, Schieffer and the White House worked with the Prime Minister and the Australian government to invoke the ANZUS treaty for the first time in its 50 year history so that Australia could come to the aid of the United States as a result of the terrorists ' attack.

The inscription loosely follows the pattern of the Merseburg Incantations, divided into two complementary parts, but where the Merseburger invokes a mythic event and calls for an exorcistic repetition, the Eggja composer seems to twice invoke a ritual, the first time listing two desired outcomes, in the second instance asking a question and answering it.

In a January 2000 Foreign Affairs essay entitled " Campaign 2000: A Republican Foreign Policy ," he was one of the first of those now associated with Bush's foreign policy to invoke the notion of " evil ," writing: " here is still evil in the world — people who hate America and the ideas for which it stands.

Previously the user had to first request the file from the sender, placing it into a " waiting " state, then return to their local programs and invoke a command to start the transfer.

However, President Chen inclined to hold another national funeral ( the first to invoke the state funeral law ) but one lasting only one day.

In their first season in 1946, Willis and Motley did not travel to a game against the Miami Seahawks after they received threatening letters and Miami officials said they would invoke a Florida law that forbade black players from competing against whites.

In a 1996 essay, " Penumbras for the People ", ( 1996 ) Reid advocated the adoption of a law that would permit Parliament to invoke Section 33 of the Charter of Rights ( the so-called " Notwithstanding Clause ", which permits Parliament and the provincial legislatures to re-enact laws that have been struck down by the courts as being in violation of the Charter ), only if its use had first been authorized in a national referendum.