The Hutchinsonian niche is defined more technically as a " Euclidean hyperspace whose dimensions are defined as environmental variables and whose size is a function of the number of values that the environmental values may assume for which an organism has positive fitness.

Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services

Additionally, things can be causes of one another, reciprocally causing each other, as hard work causes fitness, and vice versa-although not in the same way or by means of the same function: the one is as the beginning of change, the other is as its goal.

# a fitness function to evaluate the solution domain.

The fitness function is always problem dependent.

In some problems, it is hard or even impossible to define the fitness expression ; in these cases, a simulation may be used to determine the fitness function value of a phenotype ( e. g., computational fluid dynamics is used to determine the air resistance of a vehicle whose shape is encoded as the phenotype ), or even interactive genetic algorithms are used.

Once the genetic representation and the fitness function are defined, a GA proceeds to initialize a population of solutions ( usually randomly ) and then ( usually ) to improve it through repetitive application of the mutation, crossover, inversion and selection operators.

Individual solutions are selected through a fitness-based process, where fitter solutions ( as measured by a fitness function ) are typically more likely to be selected.

* Repeated fitness function evaluation for complex problems is often the most prohibitive and limiting segment of artificial evolutionary algorithms.

Finding the optimal solution to complex high dimensional, multimodal problems often requires very expensive fitness function evaluations.

The likelihood of this occurring depends on the shape of the fitness landscape: certain problems may provide an easy ascent towards a global optimum, others may make it easier for the function to find the local optima.

This problem may be alleviated by using a different fitness function, increasing the rate of mutation, or by using selection techniques that maintain a diverse population of solutions, although the No Free Lunch theorem proves that there is no general solution to this problem.

Other variants, like genetic algorithms for online optimization problems, introduce time-dependence or noise in the fitness function.

They are usually applied to domains where it is hard to design a computational fitness function, for example, evolving images, music, artistic designs and forms to fit users ' aesthetic preference.

* Schmitt, Lothar M ( 2004 ), Theory of Genetic Algorithms II: models for genetic operators over the string-tensor representation of populations and convergence to global optima for arbitrary fitness function under scaling, Theoretical Computer Science 310: 181 – 231

Let f: < sup > n </ sup > → be the fitness or cost function which must be minimized.

Candidate solutions to the optimization problem play the role of individuals in a population, and the fitness function determines the environment within which the solutions " live " ( see also cost function ).

In fact, this computational complexity is due to fitness function evaluation.

The fitness function is applied to the candidate solutions and any subsequent offspring.

Candidate solutions to the optimization problem play the role of individuals in a population, and the cost function determines the environment within which the solutions " live " ( see also fitness function ).

In evolutionary optimization problems, fitness landscapes are evaluations of a fitness function for all candidate solutions ( see below ).

Broad and Ross have lately contended that this fitness is one of the main facts of ethics, and I suspect they are right.

My point is this: whether there is such fitness or not, we all assume that there is, and if we do, we express in moral judgments more than the subjectivists say we do.

Hogarth, for example, thinks that beauty consists of ( 1 ) fitness of the parts to some design ; ( 2 ) variety in as many ways as possible ; ( 3 ) uniformity, regularity or symmetry, which is only beautiful when it helps to preserve the character of fitness ; ( 4 ) simplicity or distinctness, which gives pleasure not in itself, but through its enabling the eye to enjoy variety with ease ; ( 5 ) intricacy, which provides employment for our active energies, leading the eye on " a wanton kind of chase "; and ( 6 ) quantity or magnitude, which draws our attention and produces admiration and awe.

Because there is no selection pressure for sight in this environment, any number of genetic abnormalities that give rise to the damage or loss of eyes could proliferate among the population with no effect on the fitness of the population.

The Bluetooth Innovation World Cup, a marketing initiative of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group ( SIG ), is an international competition encouraging the development of innovations for applications leveraging the Bluetooth low energy wireless technology in sports, fitness and health care products.

Could one not say that, in the fortuitous combinations of the productions of nature, as there must be some characterized by a certain relation of fitness which are able to subsist, it is not to be wondered at that this fitness is present in all the species that are currently in existence?

Natural selection is the evolutionary process by which heritable traits that increase an individual's fitness become more common, and heritable traits that decrease an individual's fitness become less common.

Ballroom dancing is a dance art form which combines athletic fitness with artistically skillful dance steps.

The center of athletic life is the Alumni Gymnasium, which includes the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool, a state of the art fitness center, a weight room, and a 1 / 13th-mile ( 123 m ) indoor track.

Dalplex at Dalhousie is the university's largest main fitness and recreational facility.

EP is closely linked to sociobiology, but there are key differences between them including the emphasis on domain-specific rather than domain-general mechanisms, the relevance of measures of current fitness, the importance of mismatch theory, and psychology rather than behaviour.

It is a machine learning technique used to optimize a population of computer programs according to a fitness landscape determined by a program's ability to perform a given computational task.

TeamGym ( also known as " Gymnastics for All ") has it origins in earliest times. These days, although teams can compete the sport itself was developed to enhance fitness and health in the participants and is accessible to anyone of any age.

In addition to the high levels of fitness attained, rowing is an intense calorie-burning exercise.

Results of these tests are an objective measure of an athlete's fitness ; however, weight, technique and team coordination also impact performance in a boat, thus assembling a crew based purely on erg scores is not an optimal strategy.

" Also known as the kinship theory of genomic imprinting, this hypothesis states that the inequality between parental genomes due to imprinting is a result of the differing interests of each parent in terms of the evolutionary fitness of their genes.

Neutral mutations are defined as mutations whose effects do not influence the fitness of an individual.

Though natural selection acts on individuals, the effects of chance mean that fitness can only really be defined " on average " for the individuals within a population.

People determined unfit for service, where fitness is defined as " satisfying physically, intellectually and psychically requirements for military service or civil protection service and being capable of accomplishing these services without harming oneself or others ", are exempted from service but pay a 3 % additional annual income tax until the age of 30, unless they are affected by a disability.

Absolute fitness () of a genotype is defined as the ratio between the number of individuals with that genotype after selection to those before selection.

Competition can be defined as an interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another.

In an ecological context, virulence can be defined as the host's parasite-induced loss of fitness.

Physical fitness has been defined as a set of attributes or characteristics that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. The above definition from Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General is the most common currently used definition of physical fitness.

In previous years, fitness was commonly defined as the capacity to carry out the day ’ s activities without undue fatigue.

One specific form of cooperation in animals is kin selection, which can be defined as animals helping to rear a relative ’ s offspring in order to enhance their own fitness.

It is true that the phrase " survival of the fittest ", in and by itself, is a tautology if fitness is defined by survival and reproduction.

Nordic walking is defined as fitness walking with specially designed poles.

Brad was previously shown to be a couch potato, but to become a firefighter, Brad worked out to pass his fitness exams, and has since been drawn with a more fit physique and well defined jawline.

A large degree of deviation from the breed standard, an excess of faults, or certain defined major faults, may indicate that the animal should not be bred, although its fitness for other uses may not be impeded by the faults.

AFOSI special agents are expected to remain physical fit throughout their employment and must maintain Air Force physical fitness standards as defined by Air Force Instruction ( AFI ) 36-2905.

It is often pragmatically defined as: " The fitness for use of the information provided.