The flame was simply of a different kind.

The first instrumental analysis was flame emissive spectrometry developed by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff who discovered rubidium ( Rb ) and caesium ( Cs ) in 1860.

Beneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. Interred here on Armistice Day 1920, it has the first eternal flame lit in Western and Eastern Europe since the Vestal Virgins ' fire was extinguished in the fourth century.

The Chinese Cheka detachments stationed in Kiev reportedly would attach an iron tube to the torso of a bound victim and insert a rat in the tube closed off with wire netting, while the tube was held over a flame until the rat began gnawing through the victim's guts in an effort to escape.

Salt and vinegar were poured in his wounds, and he was slowly boiled over an open flame.

Miners could place the safety lamp close to the ground to detect gases, such as carbon dioxide, that are denser than air and so could collect in depressions in the mine ; if the mine air was oxygen-poor ( asphyxiant gas ), the lamp flame would be extinguished ( black damp or chokedamp ).

According to the Books of Kings, Elijah defended the worship of Yahweh over that of the Phoenician god Baal ; he raised the dead, brought fire down from the sky, and was taken up in a whirlwind ( either accompanied by a chariot and horses of flame or riding in it ).

Bulwer-Lytton's name lives on in the annual Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, in which contestants think-up terrible openings for imaginary novels, inspired by the first line of his novel Paul Clifford: It was a dark and stormy night ; the rain fell in torrents — except at occasional intervals, when it was checked by a violent gust of wind which swept up the streets ( for it is in London that our scene lies ), rattling along the housetops, and fiercely agitating the scanty flame of the lamps that struggled against the darkness.

In 2012 it was announced that the US State Department would start flame trolling Jihads as part of Operation Viral Peace

The climax was reached with the celebration of the flame of Reason in Notre Dame Cathedral on 10 November.

Once struck, the flame from the cap in turn ignited the main charge of gunpowder, as with the flintlock, but there was no longer any need to charge the touch hole with gunpowder, and even better, the touch hole was no longer exposed to the elements.

When the cannon was fired through the touchhole, turbulence from the initial surface combustion caused the rest of the powder to be rapidly exposed to the flame.

As a warning, he adds that one official, who was bribed into handing some of it over to the Empire's enemies, was struck down by a " flame from heaven " as he was about to enter a church.

This argument was based on the " thunder and smoke " description, as well as on the distance the flame could be projected from a siphon, which suggested an explosive discharge.

After it had reached the proper pressure, a valve connecting the tank with the swivel was opened and the mixture was discharged from its end, being ignited at its mouth by some source of flame.

According to the Talmud, at the re-dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem following the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire, there was only enough consecrated oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.

The film, written by Rod Serling, costarred Fredric March as the President and Ava Gardner as a former flame of Lancaster's, was nominated for two Oscars.

But so much is written for the sake of proving that Jesus the Christ is the Son of God and His Apostle, being of old the Word, and appearing sometimes in the form of fire, and sometimes in the likeness of angels ; but now, by the will of God, having become man for the human race, He endured all the sufferings which the devils instigated the Jews to inflict upon Him ; who, though they have it expressly affirmed in the writings of Moses, “ And the angel of God spake to Moses in a flame of fire in a bush, and said, I am that I am, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob ,” yet maintain that He who said this was the Father and Creator of the universe.

" Straightway a flame was kindled in my soul ; and a love of the prophets, and of those men who are friends of Christ, possessed me ; and whilst revolving his words in my mind, I found this philosophy alone to be safe and profitable .”

According to the Talmud, after the Seleucid desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, there was only enough sealed ( and therefore not desecrated ) consecrated olive oil left to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.

In 1736, the smoking of pure opium was described by Huang Shujing, involving a pipe made from bamboo rimmed with silver, stuffed with palm slices and hair, fed by a clay bowl in which a globule of molten opium was held over the flame of an oil lamp.

All kerosene flat wick lamps use the dead flame burner design, where the flame is fed cold air from below and hot air exits above.

The hot-blast design collected hot air from above the globe and fed it through metal side tubes to the burner, to make the flame burn brighter.

The cold-blast design is similar to the hot-blast, except that cold fresh air is drawn in from around the top of the globe and is then fed though the metal side tubes to the flame, making it burn brighter.

This design produces a brighter light than the hot blast design, because the fresh air that is fed to the flame has plenty of oxygen to support the combustion process.

Ovid believed that the flame was fed from " fatty foods " and eruptions stopped when the food ran out.

The final burner was a specially designed torch created by the Institute of Gas Technology with an electrical ignition which kept the flame lit in wind or rain and which fed the gas oxygen to create the correct color.

* Flambeau, a flame fed by natural gas on early natural gas wells to show that the gas was flowing

The flame fed by the gas coming out of the nozzle was intense, uniform and adjustable, white and brilliant instead of the reddish or orange of oil lamps or candles.

Another example is the adiabatic flame temperature, which is the temperature that would be achieved by a flame in the absence of heat loss to the surroundings.

They used a calorimeter to estimate the heat evolved per unit of carbon dioxide produced, eventually finding the same ratio for a flame and animals, indicating that animals produced energy by a type of combustion reaction.

The presence of copper in this qualitative analysis is indicated by the bluish-green color of the flame.

According to a 2008 television programme, presented by Griff Rhys Jones, “ the flame has only been extinguished once, by a drunken Mexican football supporter on the night that France beat Brazil here in Paris ,” most likely referring to the 1998 FIFA World Cup Final.

President Charles de Gaulle went to Washington to attend the state funeral, and witnessed Jacqueline Kennedy lighting the eternal flame that had been inspired by her visit to France.

The sample solution is aspirated by a pneumatic nebulizer, transformed into an aerosol, which is introduced into a spray chamber, where it is mixed with the flame gases and conditioned in a way that only the finest aerosol droplets (< 10 μm ) enter the flame.

This kind of absorption might be caused by un-dissociated molecules of concomitant elements of the sample or by flame gases.

) The Bunsen / Desaga design succeeded in generating a hot, sootless, non-luminous flame by mixing the gas with air in a controlled fashion before combustion.

There are open slots in the side of the tube bottom to admit air into the stream via the venturi effect, and the gas burns at the top of the tube once ignited by a flame or spark.

Increasing the amount of fuel gas flow through the tube by opening the needle valve will increase the size of the flame.

It also happens when the combustion is quenched by a heat sink such as a solid surface or flame trap.

Two German chemists, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, discovered caesium in 1860 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy.

* Natural gas ( methane ), used by many for home cooking on gas stoves, has a cyan colored flame when burned.

In deflagration, the decomposition of the explosive material is propagated by a flame front which moves slowly through the explosive material, in contrast to detonation.

The decomposition is propagated by a flame front ( deflagration ) which travels much more slowly through the explosive material than a shock wave of a high explosive.