This is a fundamental idea, which first surfaced in algebraic topology.

The idea that liberalism comes in two forms assumes that the most fundamental question facing mankind is how much government intervenes into the economy ...

Although Kronecker had conceded, Hilbert would later respond to others ' similar criticisms that " many different constructions are subsumed under one fundamental idea " — in other words ( to quote Reid ): " Through a proof of existence, Hilbert had been able to obtain a construction "; " the proof " ( i. e. the symbols on the page ) was " the object ".

An important extension of this idea is to consider the fundamental groupoid ( X, A ) where A is a set of " base points " and a subset of X.

The novel also acts as a terrifying realization of some of Kant's fundamental ideas ; Sartre uses the idea of the autonomy of the will ( that morality is derived from our ability to choose in reality ; the ability to choose being derived from human freedom ; embodied in the famous saying " Condemned to be free ") as a way to show the world's indifference to the individual.

The idea of universal jurisdiction is fundamental to the operation of global organizations such as the United Nations and the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to states ( the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of " universal jurisdiction " is not the same as that enacted in the War Crimes Law ( Belgium ) which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of public policy ).

A related early idea was Prout's hypothesis, formulated by English chemist William Prout, who proposed that the hydrogen atom was the fundamental atomic unit.

In China, the claim that Mao had " adapted Marxism – Leninism to Chinese conditions " evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole ; consequently, the term " Marxism – Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought " ( commonly known as Maoism ) was increasingly used to describe the official Chinese state ideology as well as the ideological basis of parties around the world who sympathized with the Communist Party of China ( such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist – Leninist / Mao Zedong Thought, founded by Jose Maria Sison in 1968 ).

The neuron doctrine is the now fundamental idea that neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system.

" As part of his campaign against the classical idea of natural human sociability, Hobbes inverts that fundamental natural legal maxim, the Golden Rule.

All types of reductive physicalism are grounded in the idea that everything in the world can actually be reduced analytically to its fundamental physical, or material, basis.

* The interpretation of tough-mindedness as a manifestation of " authoritarian " versus tender-minded " democratic " values was incompatible with the Frankfurt school's single-axis model, which conceptualized authoritarianism as being a fundamental manifestation of conservatism, and many researchers took issue with the idea of " left-wing authoritarianism.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

In the De Praescriptione he develops as its fundamental idea that, in a dispute between the Church and a separating party, the whole burden of proof lies with the latter, as the Church, in possession of the unbroken tradition, is by its very existence a guarantee of its truth.

In the colonies, however, the idea had developed that the British Constitution recognized certain fundamental rights that no government — not even Parliament — could violate.

These " Instructions " refuted the Marxist-based idea that class struggle is fundamental to history, and rejected the interpretation of religious phenomena such as the Exodus and the Eucharist in exclusively political terms.

Ontological reductionism denies the idea of ontological emergence, and claims that emergence is an epistemological phenomenon that only exists through analysis or description of a system, and does not exist on a fundamental level.

Hubert Lagardelle wrote that Pierre-Joseph Proudhon laid out the fundamental theories of anarcho-syndicalism, through his repudiation of both capitalism and the state, his flouting of political government, his idea of free, autonomous economic groups, and his view of struggle, not pacifism, as the core of humanity.

" The fundamental idea of 1924 thesis was the following: The fact that, following Einstein's introduction of photons in light waves, one knew that light contains particles which are concentrations of energy incorporated into the wave, suggests that all particles, like the electron, must be transported by a wave into which it is incorporated ... My essential idea was to extend to all particles the coexistence of waves and particles discovered by Einstein in 1905 in the case of light and photons.

The fundamental idea for the friction machine as high-voltage supply, using electrostatic influence to charge rotating disk or belt can be traced back to the 17th century or even before ( cf.

This principle is now fundamental to the idea of a " public park ", but was not assumed as necessary then.

Chomsky was not the first person to suggest that all languages had certain fundamental things in common ( he quotes philosophers writing several centuries ago who had the same basic idea ), but he helped to make the innateness theory respectable after a period dominated by more behaviorist attitudes towards language.

In 1624 he published a book titled An Examination of the Traditions of the Pharisees which questioned the fundamental idea of the immortality of the soul.

For both Plato and Aristotle artistic mimesis, in contrast to the power of dialectic, is relatively incapable of expressing the character of fundamental reality.

That is to say Gabriel's fundamental law had been so much modified by this time that it was neither fundamental nor law any more.

It is a weakness of Gabriel's analysis that he never seems to realize that his so-called fundamental law had already been cut loose from its foundations when it was adapted to democracy.

There is another kind of ardor, a quiet, sure devotion to the fundamental decencies of human life, but no angry utopian contentions.

But the most fundamental objection he has to poets appears in the Tenth Book, and it is derived from his doctrine of ideal forms.

But in ways more fundamental than specific political opinions they are still what they always were: passionate, sure without a shadow of doubt of whatever it is that they are sure of, capable of seeing black and white only and, therefore, committed to the logical extreme of whatever it is they are temporarily committed to.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

If a dancer is good, she suggests purely and superbly the fundamental mechanics of ancestry and progeny -- the continuum of mankind.

The most fundamental concept of the new approach to economic aid is the focusing of our attention, our resources, and our energies on the effort to promote the economic and social development of the less developed countries.

A second fundamental principle is that involved particularly in the present proceeding -- the difference between nighttime and daytime propagation conditions with respect to the standard broadcast frequencies.

For example, child welfare experience abounds with cases in which the parental request for substitute care is precipitated by a crisis event which is meaningfully linked with a fundamental unresolved problem of family relationships.

In the new country the electoral process is considered as a means of resolving fundamental, and sometimes bitter, differences among leaders and also as a source of policy guidance.

The system as indicated in Fig. 7-2 is fundamental and simple because the transient effects of both the platform servo and the accelerometer have been neglected.

However needed this may be, the fundamental problem is not information but active commitment to the total mission of the church of Christ in the world.

The fundamental difficulty of which the Selden case was `` a striking ( though not singular ) example '', concluded Hough, `` will remain as long as testimony is taken without any authoritative judicial officer present, and responsible for the maintenance of discipline, and the reception or exclusion of testimony ''.

( Pp. 228-229 ) in any event, it is obvious that the anti-trust laws did not prevent the formation of some of the greatest financial empires the world has ever known, held together by some of the most fantastic ideas, all based on the fundamental notion that a corporation is an individual who can trade and exchange goods without control by the government ''.

A fundamental source of knowledge in the world today is the book found in our libraries.

Even though his theological theses have become, to us, commonplaces, the fundamental interrogation he phrased is very much with us.

The `` belaboring '' is of course jocular, yet James was not lacking in fundamental seriousness -- unless we measure him by that ultimate seriousness of the great religious leader or thinker who stakes all on his vision of God.

The fundamental technique is a partitioning of the total sum of squares SS into components related to the effects used in the model.