Position ( 2 ) appears to us to be unlikely in view of the absence of a piezoelectric effect and on general chemical structural grounds.

* economical: bioleaching is in general simpler and, therefore, cheaper to operate and maintain than traditional processes, since fewer specialists are needed to operate complex chemical plants.

Several kinds of descriptive categorizations can be applied broadly to the elements, including consideration of their general physical and chemical properties, their states of matter under familiar conditions, their melting and boiling points, their densities, their crystal structures as solids, and their origins.

Several terms are commonly used to characterize the general physical and chemical properties of the chemical elements.

" Y " is also often used as a general chemical symbol, although it is also the symbol of yttrium.

The principal industries are heavy and general machine-building, iron and steel production, metalworking, chemical production, electronics, transportation equipment, textiles, glass, brewing, china, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals.

In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms.

The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to non-chemical reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions, radioactive decays, and reactions between elementary particles as described by quantum field theory.

Methanides in general chemical context refers to any compound that hydrolyzes to methane, which might include also salts with hydrogenated anions such as,, and.

Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants ( typically an alcohol and an acid ) form an ester as the reaction product.

In a more general form, the first law describes the internal energy with additional terms involving the chemical potential and the number of particles of various types.

The substantial nearshore industrialization and shipping congestion throughout the migratory corridors of the western gray whale population represent potential threats by increasing the likelihood of exposure to ship strikes, chemical pollution, and general disturbance ( Weller et al.

In a more general definition, an acid can be any chemical species capable of binding to electron pairs is called a Lewis acid ; conversely any molecule that tends to donate an electron pair is referred to as a Lewis base.

The informal chemical symbol Ln is used in general discussions of lanthanide chemistry to refer to any lanthanide.

Red wine consumption, in general, increased in the US following the airing of the 60 Minutes report on the French Paradox and the potential health benefits of wine and, possibly, the chemical resveratrol.

In organic chemistry a nitrate ( not to be confused with Nitro or Nitrite ) is a relatively rare functional group with general chemical formula RONO < sub > 2 </ sub > where R stands for any organic residue.

In general outline, photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration, where glucose and other compounds are oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, water, and release chemical energy.

This question will likely be answered only after years of exposure by the population in general and research on chemical toxicity, usually performed on animals.

Processes involving phase transitions, such as the drying of adhesives or melting of alloys, liquid transport, chemical reactions, and solid-air-gas systems, in general cannot be observed.

In general, chemical reactions combine in definite ratios of chemicals.

While in general chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties, which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium.

Fortunately, a general formula of wide applicability solves all problems of this kind.

* linear ( general formula ) wherein the carbon atoms are joined in a snake-like structure

* branched ( general formula, n > 3 ) wherein the carbon backbone splits off in one or more directions

* cyclic ( general formula, n > 2 ) wherein the carbon backbone is linked so as to form a loop.

Saturated hydrocarbons can also combine any of the linear, cyclic ( e. g., polycyclic ) and branching structures, and they are still alkanes ( no general formula ) as long as they are acyclic ( i. e., having no loops ). They also have single covalent bonds between their carbons.

An important class of alcohols are the simple acyclic alcohols, the general formula for which is C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n + 1 </ sub > OH.

They are known as 2 -, alpha -, or α-amino acids ( generic formula H < sub > 2 </ sub > NCHRCOOH in most cases < ref > Proline is an exception to this general formula.

The simplest acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, form an homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub > 2n </ sub >.

A general formula by which some of these numbers could be derived was invented circa 850 by Thābit ibn Qurra ( 826-901 ).

) The formula for the geometric series remains valid in general unital Banach algebras.

Starting again with a slightly more general formula

The general formula for the generating function is

These compounds are also known as organocarbonates or carbonate esters, and have the general formula ROCOOR ′, or RR ′ CO < sub > 3 </ sub >.

Natural saccharides are generally built of simple carbohydrates called monosaccharides with general formula ( CH < sub > 2 </ sub > O )< sub > n </ sub > where n is three or more.

The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R is some monovalent functional group.

The general formula is set out in section 38 ( 1 ), known as the " 7 / 50 formula ", requires: ( a ) assent from both the House of Commons and the Senate ; ( b ) the approval of two-thirds of the provincial legislatures ( at least seven provinces ) representing at least 50 % of the population ( effectively, this would include at least Quebec or Ontario, as they are the most populous provinces ).

If these conditions do not hold, the formula describes a more general affine transformation of the plane provided that the determinant of A is not zero.

Ethers () are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups — of general formula R – O – R '.

In the IUPAC nomenclature system, ethers are named using the general formula " alkoxyalkane ", for example CH < sub > 3 </ sub >- CH < sub > 2 </ sub >- O-CH < sub > 3 </ sub > is methoxyethane.

This complex exponential function is sometimes denoted The formula is still valid if x is a complex number, and so some authors refer to the more general complex version as Euler's formula.

This general formula holds for even and odd p ≥ 1.