The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange.

The EEG and genetic pattern suggest an autosomal dominant transmission as described by Ruben Kuzniecky, et al.

It has been estimated that approximately one-half of the cases is due to a genetic mutation and the pattern of inheritance is most consistent with autosomal dominant transmission.

Meme transmission does not necessarily require a physical medium, unlike genetic transmission.

Escapees can adversely impact local ecosystems through hybridization and loss of genetic diversity in native stocks, increase negative interactions within an ecosystem ( such as predation and competition ), disease transmission and habitat changes ( from trophic cascades and ecosystem shifts to varying sediment regimes and thus turbidity ).

During the early 1970s, retroviruses and reverse transcriptase were discovered, showing for the first time that enzymes could copy RNA into DNA ( the opposite of the usual route for transmission of genetic information ).

As an evolutionary biologist and historian of science, Gould accepted biological variability ( the premise of the transmission of intelligence via genetic heredity ), but opposed biological determinism, which posits that genes determine a definitive, unalterable social destiny for each man and each woman in life and society.

These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission ( heredity ).

As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria.

Neo-Darwinism is the ' modern synthesis ' of Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics, the latter being a set of primary tenets specifying that evolution involves the transmission of characteristics from parent to child through the mechanism of genetic transfer, rather than the ' blending process ' of pre-Mendelian evolutionary science.

Innéité is defined by Zola as that process in which “ se confondent les caractères physiques et moraux des parents, sans que rien d ' eux semble s ’ y retrouver ”; it is the term used in biology to describe the process whereby the moral and temperamental dispositions of some individuals are unaffected by the hereditary transmission of genetic characteristics.

This system continues today although the possibility of genetic piracy and the transmission of invasive species has received greater attention in recent times.

In a summary position paper, the Practice Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine has said it considers ICSI safe and effective therapy for male factor infertility, but may carry an increased risk for the transmission of selected genetic abnormalities to offspring, either through the procedure itself or through the increased inherent risk of such abnormalities in parents undergoing the procedure.

Family studies of hypochondriasis do not show a genetic transmission of the disorder.

* The individuals vary considerably but the variation is essentially random and largely meaningless so far as genetic transmission of these variations is concerned.

House cats and stray cats especially cause issues with competition, disease transmission, and genetic pollution due to hybrids born of inter-species breeding.

He maintained, as a consequence, that ' the cause is to be found elsewhere, in the actions of a superbiological element not reducible to the determinism of the physical transmission of genetic materials.

Technically speaking, schizotypal PD may also be considered an " extended phenotype " that helps geneticists track the familial or genetic transmission of the genes that are implicated in schizophrenia.

This is in contrast to the transmission of digital information such as is found in DNA sequences, which accounts for the vast majority of known genetic variation.

Disease transmission ( xenozoonosis ) and permanent alteration to the genetic code of animals are also causes for concern.

Social learning is supreme for humans, and is possible for quite a few mammals and birds: of course, that does not involve genetic transmission except to the extent that the capacities are inherited.

Connected with pareidolia, the genetic tendency of human beings to find patterns in coincidence, this allows the discovery of conspiracy in any significant event.

A group of studies have recently shown that genetic patterns at the EDAR locus, a region of the modern human genome that contributes to hair texture variation among most individuals of East Asian descent, support the hypothesis that ( East Asian ) straight hair likely developed in this branch of the modern human lineage subsequent to the original expression of tightly coiled natural afro-hair.

RFLP analysis was also the basis for early methods of Genetic fingerprinting, useful in the identification of samples retrieved from crime scenes, in the determination of paternity, and in the characterization of genetic diversity or breeding patterns in animal populations.

Hillig concluded that the patterns of genetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic variation support recognition of C. sativa and C. indica as separate species.

The Fagaceae, or oak family, is a very slow evolving clade compared to other angiosperms, and the patterns of hybridization and introgression in Quercus pose a great challenge to the concept of a species since a species is often defined as a group of “ actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups .” By this definition, many species of Quercus would be lumped together according to their geographic and ecological habitat, despite clear distinctions in morphology and, to a large extent, genetic data.

How the season affects the genetic expression of patterns is still a subject of research.

The most common view is that disorders tend to result from genetic dispositions and environmental stressors, combining to cause patterns of distress or dysfunction or, more sharply, trigger disorders ( Diathesis-stress model ).

Features associated with variations in resilience include genetic vulnerability, temperamental characteristics, cognitive set, coping patterns, and other experiences.

The term is mostly used in agriculture and describes the practice of planting crops with the same patterns of growth resulting from genetic similarity.

Based on genetic anаlyses and local migration patterns, the global Steller sea lion population has traditionally been divided into an eastern and western stock at 144 ° W longitude, roughly through the middle of the Gulf of Alaska.

Certain genetic diversity patterns from West to East suggest at least some coastal migration events.

One issue that can be considered an advantage or a disadvantage depending upon an individual's viewpoint, is that removing hair has the effect of removing information about the individual's hair growth patterns due to genetic predisposition, illness, androgen levels ( such as from pubertal hormonal imbalances or drug side effects ), and / or gender status.

Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza wrote about trees of populations within the human species, where genetic differences are affected both by treelike patterns of historical separation of populations and by spread of genes among populations by migration and admixture.

This line of inquiry initiated research into the correlation of patterns of genetic and cultural dispersion.

The banding patterns of these chromosomes are still used as genetic landmarks even by contemporary researchers.

The general conclusion is that these similarities result mostly from the sharing of ancient genetic patterns, and not from more recent admixture between the groups.

Rare genetic disorders which result in vascular lesions in the brain have other patterns of presentation.

They identify families at risk, investigate the problems present in the family, interpret information about the disorder, analyze inheritance patterns and risks of recurrence, and review available genetic testing options with the family.

The most lasting of Morgan's contributions was his discovery of the difference between descriptive and classificatory kinship terms, which situated broad kinship classes on the basis of imputing abstract social patterns of relationships having little or no overall relation to genetic closeness but instead cognition about kinship, social distinctions as they affect linguistic usages in kinship terminology, and strongly relate, if only by approximation, to patterns of marriage.

The other approach, that of Evolutionary psychology, continues to take the view that genetic relatedness ( or genealogy ) is key to understanding human kinship patterns.

However, those in the pet industries have, through selective breeding, developed many morphs ( genetic mutations ) with altered colors and patterns.

Phylogeographic analyses have also played an important role in defining evolutionary significant units ( ESU ), a unit of conservation below the species level that is often defined on unique geographic distribution and mitochondrial genetic patterns.

* Parental testing: This type of genetic test uses special DNA markers to identify the same or similar inheritance patterns between related individuals.