A term is an addend or a summand, a group of coefficients, variables, constants and exponents that may be separated from the other terms by the plus and minus operators.

Since the fundamental group is a homotopy invariant, the theory of the winding number for the complex plane minus one point is the same as for the circle.

If the graph G is connected, then the rank of the free group is equal to 1 − χ ( G ): one minus the Euler characteristic of G.

The concentration of hydroxide ions can be expressed in terms of pOH, which is close to 14 – pH ,< ref group = note > p ( OH ) signifies the minus the logarithm to base 10 of

Among the artists of the core group ( minus Bazille, who had died in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 ), defections occurred as Cézanne, followed later by Renoir, Sisley, and Monet, abstained from the group exhibitions so they could submit their works to the Salon.

In current usage, a paraphyletic group consists of all of the descendants of a possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups ( most usually one ).

A strict explanation of a paraphyletic group has not been published, but the consensus appears to be that paraphyletic groups consist of a monophyletic group, minus one or more smaller constituent clades – for instance the paraphyletic class Reptilia being " Amniotes minus birds and mammals ".

In phylogenetics ( a subfield of biology ) and in linguistics, a group is said to be paraphyletic if it consists of all the descendants of the last common ancestor of the group's members minus a small number of monophyletic groups of descendants, typically just one or two such groups.

But some generalizations are possible, typically involving the mapping class group of the space minus a periodic orbit.

The album Who Loves You became a surprise million-seller for the group, as it was the first Four Seasons album to prominently feature lead vocals by anyone other than Valli (' Sorry ' on ' Half & Half ' had featured Gaudio, DeVito and Long minus Valli, while ' Wall Street Village Day ' on ' Genuine Imitation Life Gazette ' featured Valli on just a couple of ' bridge ' section lead vocal lines ).

Faced with sliding sales and a loss of direction following the third album, the group relocated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania minus Paul Reynolds.

In 2006 the group minus Melvin Edmonds appeared on the New Jack Reunion Tour with Kevon Edmonds, Keith Mitchell, and Edmonds family member Jason Edmonds who happens to be the son of Melvin Edmonds and the nephew of Babyface and Kevon Edmonds.

Eazy-E signed the group ( minus Flesh-n-Bone ) to his label Ruthless Records.

As of 2011, it was revealed that the group has been recording a reunion album, minus the late Poetic.

Hashing died out during World War II shortly after the invasion of Malaya, but was restarted in 1946 after the war by several of the original group, minus A. S. Gispert, who was killed on 11 February 1942 in the Japanese invasion of Singapore, an event commemorated by many chapters by an annual Gispert Memorial Run.

In 2004, they sold it, minus its Canadian assets, to a private group of investors which included the Carlyle Group.

Heaven and Earth, minus Little, then merged with another local group, Milestone, to form Great White Cane with horn players Bob Doughty and Ian Kojima, drummer Norman Wellbanks, guitarist Paul C. Saenz, and keyboard player John Cleveland Hughes.

* Equity: In the equity market the risk premium is the expected return of a company stock, a group of company stocks, or a portfolio of all stock market company stocks, minus the risk-free rate.

The group, minus Nick, watches the game on TV while Sarah tells Karen about her brief affair with Alex and how it affected their friendship negatively.

The predominance diagram shows that the position of the equilibrium depends on both pH and the analytical concentration of chromium .< ref group = notes > pCr is equal to minus the logarithm of the analytical concentration of chromium.

Dylan was created in the early 1990s by a group led by Apple Computer.

Both of these implementations are now open source and maintained by a group of volunteers, the Dylan Hackers.

Following the 1966 tour, the group moved with Dylan to Saugerties, New York, where they made the informal 1967 recordings that became The Basement Tapes, which forged the basis for their 1968 debut album Music from Big Pink.

Mary Martin told Dylan to visit the group at the Yonge Street club called the Le Coq d ' Or Tavern – though Robbie Robertson recollects it was the Friar's Tavern, just down the street.

They thought of themselves as a tightly rehearsed rock and rhythm and blues group and knew Dylan mostly from his early acoustic folk and protest music.

Bob Dylan appeared on stage on New Year's Eve and performed four songs with the group, including a version of " When I Paint My Masterpiece ".

The final song the group recorded together was their 1999 cover of Bob Dylan's " One Too Many Mornings ", which they contributed to the Dylan tribute album Tangled Up in Blues.

Rutter's Only Darts Club Band, though this too was misted over in controversy when the group claimed they wrote it under the influence of tea, to which they had been introduced by Bob Dylan.

* January 28 – Various artists, under the group name USA For Africa, including Ray Charles, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, Billy Joel, Cyndi Lauper, Steve Perry, Kenny Loggins, Willie Nelson, Lionel Richie, Smokey Robinson, Kenny Rogers, Diana Ross, Paul Simon, Bruce Springsteen, Huey Lewis, Tina Turner, Sheila E., Harry Belafonte, Lindsey Buckingham, Kim Carnes, Dionne Warwick, Waylon Jennings, Bob Geldof and Stevie Wonder, record the song " We Are the World ".

The group began its string of successes with Bob Dylan songs with a track on the best-selling EP The One in the Middle, " With God on Our Side ", next reaching # 2 in the UK with " If You Gotta Go, Go Now ".

The main movement in post-war 1940s poetry was the New Romantic group that included Dylan Thomas, George Barker, W. S. Graham, Kathleen Raine, Henry Treece and J. F. Hendry.

He views “ Africadian ” literature as “ literal and liberal — I canonize songs and sonnets, histories and homilies .” Clarke has stated that he found further writing inspiration in the 1970s and his “ individualist poetic scored with implicit social commentary ” came from the ‘ Gang of Seven ’ intellectuals, “ poet-politicos: jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, troubadour-bard Bob Dylan, libertine lyricist Irving Layton, guerrilla leader and poet Mao Zedong, reactionary modernist Ezra Pound, Black Power orator Malcolm X and the Right Honourable Pierre Elliott Trudeau .” Though flawed, Clarke found “ as a whole, the group ’ s blunt talk, suave styles, acerbic independence, raunchy macho, feisty lyricism, singing heroic and a scarf-and-beret chivalry quite, well, liberating .”

Early media reports of the Columbine High School massacre initially associated the perpetrators ( Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold ) with members of the " Trenchcoat Mafia ," a group of outcasts who allegedly wore conspicuous black Australian oilcloth dusters.

When Charlie speaks to the Angels by telephone on the beach, unseen by most of the group, Dylan suspects that she sees him nearby talking into a cell phone.

By the time Julian Maclaren-Ross met Tambimuttu and Dylan Thomas in the early 1940s this literary group had moved away from the Fitzroy Tavern, which had become a victim of its own success, and were hanging out in the lesser-known Wheatsheaf and others in Rathbone Place and Gresse Street.

William Sydney Graham ( 19 November 1918 – 9 January 1986 ) was a Scottish poet who is often associated with Dylan Thomas and the neo-romantic group of poets.

The style of these early poems led critics to see Graham as part of the neo-romantic group that included Dylan Thomas and George Barker.

Although Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were big fans of the group, KMFDM released an official statement denouncing the violence, sympathizing with the victims and their families, and explaining that the band had no Nazi affiliations whatsoever.

Further, Peter Dreier points out that " the group deserves credit for helping to launch the folk boom that brought recognition to older folkies and radicals like Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, and for paving the way for newcomers like Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Phil Ochs, who were well-known for their progressive political views and topical songs.

Like any other musical artist, Dylan was influenced by other radical groups such as the Wobblies-the popular group of the thirties and forties, the Beat Anarchists of the fifties, and above all, by the political beliefs of young people during the civil rights movement.

Dylan offered the group a support slot on his subsequent tour of North America, including a gig at the Newport Folk Festival.

There have been four instances in which one artist or group was nominated for two works in the same year: the group Aerosmith was nominated for both " Cryin '" and " Livin ' on the Edge " in 1994, Melissa Etheridge received nominations for " Come to My Window " and " I'm the Only One " in 1995, Jakob Dylan of The Wallflowers won for " One Headlight " and was also nominated for " The Difference " in 1998, and U2 was nominated for the songs " Elevation " and " Walk On " in 2002.

Basically, the group was to Antoine what The Band was to Bob Dylan.