Celibacy was advocated as an ideal rule of life for all monks and nuns by Gautama Buddha, except for Japan where it is not strictly followed due to historical political developments following the Meiji Restoration.

The Pali Canon contains the earliest written detailed discussion of nirvana and the concept has thus become most associated with the teaching of the historical Buddha.

Indian discussion of reincarnation enters the historical record from about the 6th century BCE, with the development of the Advaita Vedanta tradition in the early Upanishads ( around the middle of the first millennium BCE ), Gautama Buddha ( 623-543 BCE ) as well as Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism.

In 245 BC, bhikkhuni Sangamitta arrived with the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi tree, which is considered to be a sapling from the historical Bodhi tree under which Gautama Buddha became enlightened.

* Maya ( mother of Buddha ) ( died 563 BC ), mother of the historical Buddha

In Buddhism, the historical Buddha, the celestial and predecessor Buddhas, and the Buddhas to Be's ( Bodhisattvas ) fulfill the devotional needs of believers, while an emphasis is placed on the lack of Creation and Judgement abilities of these Salvation / Teaching deities.

* 949 BC Mahaparinirvana of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni Siddharta, according to far eastern schools of Buddhism.

In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, it is claimed that the historical Shakyamuni Buddha taught tantra, but that since these are ' secret ' teachings, confined to the guru / disciple relationship, they were generally written down long after the Buddha's other teachings, the Pali Canon and the Mahayana sutras.

Historians have identified an early stage of Mantrayana beginning in the 4th century, and argue that assigning the teachings to the historical Buddha is " patently absurd ".

The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones ( see List of the 28 Buddhas ), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin ( see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands Buddha names see Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō numbers 439 – 448 ).

Maya is the name of the mother of the historical Buddha as well as the dharmic concept of the illusory nature of reality.

The historical Buddha Shakyamuni is only the latest in a series of Buddhas that stretches back into the past.

According to Buddhist legend, prior to the manifestation of Shakyamuni Buddha there were numerous other historical Buddhas.

Budai is often conflated with ( or simply replaces ) the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, in spite of the distinct visual differences in how each has been depicted.

Another form of attack ( similar to the Argument from inconsistent revelations ) does not directly dispute the premises, but instead underlines the applicability of this argument to other historical religious figures, such as the Buddha and Muhammed, each of whom is revered in their faith as a wise and moral teacher, and each of whom made specific claims regarding their interaction with the divine.

Other prominent, philosophically foundational influences for Evola include the ancient Aryo-Hindu scripture that teaches the concept of " detached violence ", the Bhagavad Gita, and the Aryan kshatriya sage Siddartha Gotama, the historical Buddha ( Evola, " Il Cammino del Cinabro " 1963 ).

Exoteric teachings are preached by the Nirmanakaya ( Ōjin 応身 ) Buddha, which in our world and aeon, is the historical Gautama Buddha ( Shaka-muni 釈迦牟尼 ) or one of the Sambhoghakaya ( Hōjin 報身 ) Buddhas.

John W. Pettit, while stating, " Mahayana has not got a strong historical claim for representing the explicit teachings of the historical Buddha ", also argues that the basic concepts of Mahāyāna do occur in the Pāli canon and that this suggests that Mahāyāna is " not simply an accretion of fabricated doctrines " but " has a strong connection with the teachings of Buddha himself ".

Some teachers take the view that all teachings that stem from the fundamental insights of Buddha constitute the Buddha's speech, whether they are explicitly the historical words of the Buddha or not.

Parshva, the earliest Jain Tirthankara, whom modern Western historians consider to be a historical figure, lived in about the 8th century BCE.

Although the historical characters may have lived in an earlier period ( such as the Song or Tang dynasty ) most stories are written in the latter Ming or Qing period.

The few historical references to Euclid were written centuries after he lived, by Proclus and Pappus of Alexandria.

According to scholars, Parshvanath was a historical figure and lived in the 9th century BC.

As a man, if a certain Jean-Paul Sartre is remembered, I would like people to remember the milieu or historical situation in which I lived ,... how I lived in it, in terms of all the aspirations which I tried to gather up within myself.

The concepts held by Muenzer and Winstanley were superbly attuned to the needs of their time — a historical period when the majority of the population lived in the countryside and when the most militant revolutionary forces came from an agrarian world.

During prehistoric times there was a succession of cultures that flourished in the land of present-day Moldova from the end of the Ice age up through the Neolithic Age, the Copper Age, the Bronze Age, and the beginning of the Iron Age, when historical records begin to be made about the people who lived in these lands.

The process was characterized by a compilation of books that apostolic tradition considered authoritative in worship and teaching, relevant to the historical situations in which they lived, and consonant with the Old Testament.

The Sorbs in Germany are an example: for centuries they have lived in German-speaking states, surrounded by a much larger ethnic German population, and they have no other historical territory.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

Disdaining what he believed to be the ignorance of the centuries preceding the era in which he lived, Petrarch is credited with creating the concept of a historical " Dark Ages ".

They lived in Pomesania (; ; ), a historical region in modern northern Poland, located between the Nogat and Vistula Rivers to the west and the Elbląg River to the east.

If her connection to Rhodopis ( see below ) is accepted as historical, it indicates that she lived into the mid-6th century BC.

The goal of a well-crafted persona is a historically accurate person who might have lived in a particular historical time and place.

All of these approaches involve a historical and sociological turn to science, with a special emphasis on lived experience ( a kind of Husserlian " life-world "), rather than a progress-based or anti-historical approach as done in the analytic tradition.

Thus, in the beginning of the 18th century, a French travel writer, the Baron de Lahontan, who had actually lived among the Huron Indians, put potentially dangerously radical Deist and egalitarian arguments in the mouth of a Canadian Indian, Adario, who was perhaps the most striking and significant figure of the " good " ( or " noble ") savage, as we understand it now, to make his appearance on the historical stage: Adario sings the praises of Natural Religion.

Numerous stories depict Jinns, Ghouls, Apes, sorcerers, magicians, and legendary places, which are often intermingled with real people and geography, not always rationally ; common protagonists include the historical Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, his Grand Vizier, Jafar al-Barmaki, and his alleged court poet Abu Nuwas, despite the fact that these figures lived some 200 years after the fall of the Sassanid Empire in which the frame tale of Scheherazade is set.

He appears in the Mabinogion as a son of Bran the Blessed, who is left in charge of Britain while his father makes war in Ireland, but is overthrown by Caswallawn ( the historical Cassivellaunus, who lived a century earlier than Caratacus ).

The Crow, also called the Apsáalooke in their own Siouan language, or Absaroka, are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who in historical times lived in the Yellowstone River valley, which extends from present-day Wyoming, through Montana and into North Dakota, where it joins the Missouri River.

Historian and theorist Bryan Palmer argues that gender studies current reliance on post-structuralism — with its reification of discourse and avoidance of the structures of oppression and struggles of resistance — obscures the origins, meanings, and consequences of historical events and processes, and he seeks to counter the current gender studies with an argument for the necessity to analyze lived experience and the structures of subordination and power.

For example, the fully developed Code of Chivalry, which has a major role in the Arthurian tales, reflects the social conditions of the late Middle Ages when these tales were composed, rather than the conditions of 5th Century Britain when the historical King Arthur lived.

No other historical evidence exists that Merovech ever lived.