And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Another problem is that Dutton's categories seek to universalise traditional European notions of aesthetics and art forgetting that, as André Malraux and others have pointed out, there have been large numbers of cultures in which such ideas ( including the idea " art " itself ) were non-existent.

The idea of being " born again in Christ " inspired some common European forenames: French René / Renée ( also used in the Netherlands ), Dutch Renaat / Renate, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Renato / Renata, Latin Renatus / Renata, which all mean " reborn ", " born again ".

Many European and American admirers such as Voltaire and H. G. Creel point to the revolutionary idea of replacing nobility of blood with nobility of virtue.

Paul Verhoef, the then current satellite navigation program manager at the European Commission indicated that this limited funding would have serious consequences commenting at one point " To give you an idea, that would mean that for three weeks in the year you will not have satellite navigation " in reference to the currently proposed 18 vehicle constellation.

Until 1991, President Mauno Koivisto and two of the three major parties, Center Party and the Social Democrats opposed the idea of European Union membership and preferred entering into the European Economic Area treaty.

In June 1990, Major suggested that the proposed Single European Currency should be a " hard ecu ", competing for use against existing national currencies ; this idea was not in the end adopted.

In 1954, he received the Karlspreis ( English: Charlemagne Award ), an Award by the German city of Aachen to people who contributed to the European idea, European cooperation and European peace.

Many European and American admirers such as Voltaire and H. G. Creel point to the revolutionary idea of replacing nobility of blood with nobility of virtue.

The writers combined the two ideas ; they initially set the film during the European Renaissance, but changed the time period the Borg corrupted to the mid-21st century after fearing the Renaissance idea would be too kitschy.

The idea that Europeans " discovered " America can lead to misunderstanding the true nature of the encounter between two distinct and independent civilizations, namely European and Indigenous American.

* November 28 – Winston Churchill makes a landmark speech in support of the idea of a European Union at Kingsway Hall, London.

An example of an organisation formed to promote the association of states between the wars to promote the idea of European union is the Pan-Europa movement.

The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary, with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated manuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child.

The centre of this idea were the Central European countries that, at this time, were still leading in continental football.

Mauritius ’ s governor, to woo Madagascar from French control, recognized Radama I as King of Madagascar, a diplomatic maneuver meant to underscore the idea of the sovereignty of the island and thus to preclude claims by any European powers.

The term laureate became associated with degrees awarded by European universities ( the term baccalaureate for the degree of bachelor reflects this idea ).

The idea was taken up in the British Israelism of John Wilson, who adopted and promoted the " idea that the " European Race, in particular the Anglo-Saxons, were descended from certain Scythian tribes, and these Scythian tribes ( as many had previously stated from the Middle Ages onward ) were in turn descended from the ten Lost Tribes of Israel.

This idea was later expanded upon by Keith Kernspecht, head of the European Wing Tsun Organization based in Germany, by introducing many of the WT specific forms ( like the leg forms ).

After outlining the various aspects of the contact, Staal posits the theory that the idea of formal rules in language, first proposed by de Saussure in 1894, and finally developed by Chomsky in 1957, based on which formal rules were also introduced in computational languages, may indeed lie in the European exposure to the formal rules of Paninian grammar.

The best known is Dan Brown's bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code, which, like Holy Blood, Holy Grail, is based on the idea that the real Grail is not a cup but the womb and later the earthly remains of Mary Magdalene ( again cast as Jesus ' wife ), plus a set of ancient documents claimed to tell the true story of Jesus, his teachings and descendants.

The idea of the cup is to force the offense into making many short passes behind and around the cup.

Mirroring the circumstances behind the creation of the European Cup five years earlier, the idea for a pan-European cup competition contested by all of Europe's domestic cup winners came from prominent European sports journalists.

Maudslay came up with the idea of a leather cup washer, which gave a perfect seal but offered no resistance to movement when the pressure was released.

The prime motivators behind the idea of holding a rugby league world cup were the French, who were short of money following the seizing of their assets by the rugby union in World War II.

At High Salvington, the miller's wife, who was regularly asked for a glass of water by tourists who had toiled up the hill, hit upon the idea of offering a cup of tea and charging for this service.

As for handicrafts, in the early 80's a former worker of the company had the idea of making a guampa ( mate cup ) for his own use from pieces of the stainless steel that was used to store tannin.

The show began as a short film idea written by Rob McElhenney and Glenn Howerton about a man telling his friend he has cancer, while the friend's only intent is on trying to borrow a cup of sugar.

Fennell then came up with the idea that the Governor General should consider lending her name to the women's hockey championship cup, as Lord Stanley had done years before for the men's hockey championship.

Interference theory refers to the idea that when the learning of something new causes forgetting of older material on the basis of competition between the two.

In economics, the idea of monopoly is important for the study of market structures, which directly concerns normative aspects of economic competition, and provides the basis for topics such as industrial organization and economics of regulation.

The mercantilist idea that all trade was a zero sum game, in which each side was trying to best the other in a ruthless competition, was integrated into the works of Thomas Hobbes.

The English adoption can be likened to the phrases " one on one ," " head to head ," or " single combat " and conveys the idea of intense competition.

Finally, the idea of free entry with free access to technology is also often listed as a characteristic of perfectly competitive markets, probably owing to a difficulty with abandoning completely the older conception of free competition.

But while others had created Olympic contests within their countries, and broached the idea of international competition, it was Coubertin whose work would lead to the establishment of the International Olympic Committee and the organisation of the first modern Olympic Games.

The idea for reviving the Olympic Games as an international competition came to Coubertin in 1889, apparently independently of Brookes, and he spent the following five years organising an international meeting of athletes and sports enthusiasts that might make it happen.

Coubertin had originally opposed the choice of Greece, as he had concerns about the ability of a weakened Greek state to host the competition, but was convinced by Vikelas to support the idea.

Scholars have critiqued the idea that athletic competition might lead to greater understanding between cultures and, therefore, to peace.

Kip Fulbeck, who teaches Spoken Word at the University of California, Santa Barbara, responded to why he steered away from poetry slams in his classes: " I don ’ t like the idea of competition and art being put together.

Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics ( 1872 ), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races.

In economics the DC preferred competition to cooperation, supported the model of social market economy and rejected the Marxist's idea of class struggle.

While practitioners of other forms of yoga maintain that competition contradicts the idea of peace and unity, Bikram contends, " Competition is the foundation for all democratic societies.

The TV show Expedition Robinson, created by TV producer Charlie Parsons, which first aired in 1997 in Sweden ( and was later produced in a large number of other countries as Survivor ), added to the Nummer 28 / Real World template the idea of competition and elimination, in which cast members / contestants battled against each other and were removed from the show until only one winner remained.

Anne McGlone Burke, a physical education teacher with the Chicago Park District, began with the idea for a one-time Olympic-style athletic competition for people with special needs.

The etymology is uncertain, but the word seems to have originated from the conjunction of the two Latin words conserere ( meaning to tie, to join, to weave ) and certamen ( competition, fight ): the idea is that the two parts in a concerto, the soloist and the orchestra, alternate episodes of opposition, cooperation, and independence in the creation of the music flow.

The social market economic model is based upon the idea of realizing the benefits of a free market economy, especially economic performance and high supply of goods, while avoiding disadvantages such as market failure, destructive competition, concentration of economic power and anti-social effects of market processes.

This idea of an unequal relationship was however contested by John Thornton ( 1998 ), who argued that " the Atlantic slave trade was not nearly as critical to the African economy as these scholars believed " and that " African manufacturing this period was more than capable of handling competition from preindustrial Europe.

A panel game with no competition was not itself a new idea: the BBC had a history of successful quiz shows designed to allow witty celebrities to entertain where winning was not important.

Khrushchev's idea of peaceful competition with the United States rather than overt hostility did not resonate well with Peking.

Rather than maintain an ‘ inward-looking ’ economy, the idea of catching up can be much faster with strong competition rather than the domestic competition of people with similar levels of human capital.

Officials of the Georgian Orthodox Church publicly objected to the inclusion of both religious and secular figures in the competition ( the January 2009 short list of 50 candidates included 13 saints ), as well as to the idea of having viewers put saints in rank order.