Additionally, image artifacts can occur if the tip has two tips at the end rather than a single atom ; this leads to “ double-tip imaging ,” a situation in which both tips contribute to the tunneling.

This effect has been used to demonstrate atomic holography, and it may allow the construction of an atom probe imaging system with nanometer resolution.

It is a contrast imaging technology using the difference in absorption of soft x-ray in the water window region ( wavelength region: 2. 3-4. 4 nm, photon energy region: 0. 28-0. 53 keV ) by the carbon atom ( main element composing the living cell ) and the oxygen atom ( main element for water ).

Technically, however, many radiopharmaceuticals incorporate a radioactive tracer atom into a larger pharmaceutically-active molecule, which is localized in the body, after which the radionuclide tracer atom allows it to be easily detected with a gamma camera or similar gamma imaging device.

* 2002 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

* February 19 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

Of the moons discovered by the Voyager 2 imaging team, only Puck was discovered early enough that the probe could be programmed to image it in some detail.

short-wavelength probe non-destructive, the atomic beam imaging system ( atomic nanoscope ) has been proposed and widely discussed in the literature, but it is not yet competitive with conventional imaging systems.

* February 19-NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

The 14 instruments carried on Nozomi are an imaging camera, neutral mass spectrometer, dust counter, thermal plasma analyzer, magnetometer, electron and ion spectrum analyzers, ion mass spectrograph, high energy particles experiment, VUV imaging spectrometer, sounder and plasma wave detector, LF wave analyzer, electron temperature probe, and a UV scanner.

Intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) is a medical imaging methodology using a specially designed catheter with a miniaturized ultrasound probe attached to the distal end of the catheter.

The probe carried a radar altimeter, video imaging system, and a mass spectrometer, which will be used to search for water.

* MIP or the Moon Impact Probe developed by the ISRO, is an impact probe which consisted of a C-band Radar altimeter for measurement of altitude of the probe, a video imaging system for acquiring images of the lunar surface and a mass spectrometer for measuring the constituents of the lunar atmosphere.

DNA sequences or RNA transcripts that have moderate to high sequence similarity to the probe are then detected by visualizing the hybridized probe via autoradiography or other imaging techniques.

During the surgical procedure, the IGS tracks the probe position and displays the anatomy beneath it as, for example, three orthogonal image slices on a workstation-based 3D imaging system.

In the procedure, ultrasound imaging is used to guide a probe into the mass of breast tissue.

* Canon ( company ), a Japanese imaging and optical products corporation ; produces Canon cameras

Three main techniques are used to visualize the brain and search for AVM: computed tomography ( CT ), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ), and cerebral angiography.

This low dose of radioiodine is typically tolerated by individuals otherwise allergic to iodine ( such as those unable to tolerate contrast mediums containing larger doses of iodine such as used in CT scan, intravenous pyelogram ( IVP ), and similar imaging diagnostic procedures ).

The differentiation of speech production into only two large sections of the brain ( i. e. Broca's and Wernicke's areas ), accepted long before the advent of medical imaging techniques, is now considered outdated.

Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ( NMRI ), or magnetic resonance tomography ( MRT ) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize internal structures of the body in detail.

Commonly employed tests in neurology include imaging studies such as computed axial tomography ( CAT ) scans, magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ), and ultrasound of major blood vessels of the head and neck.

Quantum dots ( nanoparticles with quantum confinement properties, such as size-tunable light emission ), when used in conjunction with MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging ), can produce exceptional images of tumor sites.

Neuroradiology methods are used in modern neurosurgical diagnosis and treatment, including computer assisted imaging computed tomography ( CT ), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ), positron emission tomography ( PET ), magnetoencephalography ( MEG ), and the stereotactic surgery.

More recently, psychophysiologists have been equally, or potentially more, interested in the central nervous system, exploring cortical brain potentials such as the many types of event-related potentials ( ERPs ), brain waves, and utilizing advanced technology such as functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ), MRI, PET, MEG, and other neuroimagery techniques.

When lasers were first invented, the speckle effect was considered to be a severe drawback in using lasers to illuminate objects, particularly in holographic imaging because of the grainy image produced.

Mann has been described as the founder of the field of wearable computing based on his early work in personal imaging, although there is controversy surrounding the exact definition of wearable computing, and whether any one person can be considered to have invented it.

Physicist Gabriel Lippmann invented integral imaging, still in use today.

The scanning tunnelling microscope ( STM ), invented by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, allows imaging of individual atoms on the surface of a metal.

MIP imaging was invented for use in nuclear medicine by Jerold Wallis, MD, in 1988, and subsequently published in IEEE Transactions in Medical Imaging.

Damadian invented an apparatus and method to use NMR safely and accurately to scan the human body, a method now well known as magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ).

Jens Frahm and his coworkers invented a rapid acquisition technique for magnetic resonance imaging termed FLASH MRI ( fast low angle shot ) technique which allowed for a 100-fold reduction of the measuring times of cross-sectional and three-dimensional images.

Landa led Imtec ’ s R & D activities and invented the company ’ s core imaging technology.

For it had turned out, by a further paradox of Cubism, that the means to an illusion of depth and plasticity had now become widely divergent from the means of representation or imaging.

During these activities, the researchers took functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) scans of the participants ' brains and were " surprised by the results ".

The popularity of CCD imaging among amateurs has led to large numbers of web sites being written by individuals about their images and equipment.

* Individuals with expressive aphasia ( also called Broca's aphasia ) were once thought to have frontal lobe damage, though more recent work by Dr. Nina Dronkers using imaging and ' lesion analysis ' has revealed that patients with Expressive aphasia have lesions to the medial insular cortex.

While " distortion " can include arbitrary deformation of an image, the most pronounced modes of distortion produced by conventional imaging optics is " barrel distortion ", in which the center of the image is magnified more than the perimeter ( figure 7a ).

* Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) MRI is a method of imaging objects that uses a strong magnetic field to detect the relaxation of protons that have been perturbed by a radio-frequency pulse.

For example, it should not matter whether one measures the distance between the Great Pyramids of Giza by laser rangefinding, by satellite imaging, or with a meter stick-in all three cases, the answer should be approximately the same.

The ability of an imaging system to resolve detail is ultimately limited by diffraction.

where λ is the wavelength of the light and N is the f-number ( focal length divided by diameter ) of the imaging optics.

In the SEM image of an ant shown at right, the image was constructed from signals produced by a secondary electron detector, the normal or conventional imaging mode in most SEMs.

Some of this work employed infrared technology — previously used for satellite imaging — to detect previously unknown material by Euripides in fragments of the Oxyrhynchus papyri, a collection of ancient manuscripts held by the university.

On October 11, 1955, Muller & Bahadur ( Pennsylvania State University ) observed individual tungsten ( W ) atoms on the surface of a sharply pointed W tip by cooling it to 78 K and employing helium as the imaging gas.

Unlike conventional microscopes, where the spatial resolution is limited by the wavelength of the particles which are used for imaging, the FIM is a projection type microscope with atomic resolution and an approximate magnification of a few million times.

The imaging gas atoms ( He, Ne ) near the tip are polarized by the field and since the field is non-uniform the polarized atoms are attracted towards the tip surface.

Eventually, the imaging atoms are ionized by tunneling electrons into the surface and the resulting positive ions are accelerated along the field lines to the screen to form a highly magnified image of the sample tip.

The resolution of FIM is limited by the thermal velocity of the imaging ion.

In astronomy, imaging at infrared wavelengths allows observation of objects obscured by interstellar dust.

Film and digital imaging techniques also record light produced by photons emitted during corona discharge ( see Mechanism of corona discharge ).

The coronal discharges identified as Kirlian auras are the result of stochastic electric ionization processes, and are greatly affected by many factors, including the voltage and frequency of the stimulus, the pressure with which a person or object touches the imaging surface, the local humidity around the object being imaged, how well grounded the person or object is, and other local factors affecting the conductivity of the person or object being imaged.

Infrared sensing in snakes depends on a kind of natural thermal imaging, in which tiny packets of cellular water are raised in temperature by the infrared radiation.