In a review article, J. David Archibald and David E. Fastovsky discussed a scenario combining three major postulated causes: volcanism, marine regression, and extraterrestrial impact.

The work's subtitle was " An attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation ", and this explains Lyell's impact on science.

Acceleration of these free electrons in a strong electric field causes them to gain energy, and when they impact other atoms, the energy causes release of new free electrons and ions ( ionization ), which fuels the same process.

Then the impact of a hammer causes the heated material, which is very malleable, to conform to the shape of the die and die cavities.

FAO focuses on strengthening capacity for disaster preparedness and ability to mitigate impact of emergencies on food security, by forecasting and providing early warning of adverse conditions, assessing needs and devising programmes which promote the transition from relief to reconstruction and development, improving analysis of underlying causes of crises, and strengthening local capacities to cope with risks.

* Modern usage includes a logically valid form, in which a minor action causes a significant impact through a long chain of logical relationships.

For example, the Institution of Lighting Engineers in the United Kingdom provides its members information about light pollution, the problems it causes, and how to reduce its impact.

An avalanche can occur upon a sudden thermal or mechanical impact upon snow that has accumulated on a mountain, which causes the snow to rush downhill en masse.

In this work, Bernoulli posited the argument, still used to this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moving in all directions, that their impact on a surface causes the gas pressure that we feel, and that what we experience as heat is simply the kinetic energy of their motion.

The impact of this road on migratory wildlife will undoubtedly be negative and reduce the aesthetic value of the ecosystems, but the magnitude of the impact ( in numerical terms ) on the population will depend on the extent to which the road acts as a barrier to movement, causes collision mortalities, and opens the area to illegal hunting.

The impact of a ball or slug EFP normally causes a large-diameter but relatively shallow hole, of, at most, a couple of CDs.

If the impact causes the head to move, the injury may be worsened, because the brain may ricochet inside the skull causing additional impacts, or the brain may stay relatively still ( due to inertia ) but be hit by the moving skull ( both are contrecoup injuries ).

The force of impact causes the string to vibrate enough to immediately sound the note, and Jordan executes tapping with both hands, and with more legato than is normally associated with guitar tapping.

As part of the efforts of the American Dairy Science Association, Professor Hunziker and others published articles regarding: causes of tallowiness ( an odor defect, distinct from rancidity, a taste defect ); mottles ( an aesthetic issue related to uneven color ); introduced salts ; the impact of creamery metals and liquids ; and acidity measurement.

When struck by a shaped charge's metal jet, some of the impact energy is dissipated into the inert liner layer, and the resulting high pressure causes a localized bending or bulging of the plates in the area of the impact.

The term hollow-cavity bullet is used to describe a hollow point where the hollow is unusually large, sometimes dominating the volume of the bullet, and causes extreme expansion or fragmentation on impact.

Several adaptations combine to protect the woodpecker's brain from the substantial pounding that the pecking behaviour causes: it has a relatively thick skull with relatively spongy bone to cushion the brain ; there is very little cerebrospinal fluid in its small subarachnoid space ; the bird contracts mandibular muscles just before impact, thus transmitting the impact past the brain and allowing its whole body to help absorb the shock ; its relatively small brain is less prone to concussion than other animals '.

The lives of other characters mentioned are also discussed thus showing the impact that the entire saga causes on the people involved, a relative rarity in the other stories.

Problem management aims to resolve the root causes of incidents and thus to minimise the adverse impact of incidents and problems on business that are caused by errors within the IT infrastructure, and to prevent recurrence of incidents related to these errors.

Various theories have attributed the wave of extinctions to human hunting, climate change, disease, a putative extraterrestrial impact, or other causes.

The introduction of exotic pasture legumes has also led to a reduction in the need to burn to produce a flush of green growth because legumes retain high nutrient levels throughout the year, and because fires can have a negative impact on legume populations which causes a reluctance to burn.

Finally, whatever the techniques used, a twin goal is common to all preventive casework service: to cushion or reduce the force of the stress impact while at the same time to encourage and support family members to mobilize and use their ego capacities.

No meteorites have ever been recovered from paleoexplosion craters, and recent craters containing impact glass have all been produced by metallic meteorites with the exception of Aouelloul crater, Adrar, Western Sahara Desert.

In Britain, anthropology had a great intellectual impact, it " contributed to the erosion of Christianity, the growth of cultural relativism, an awareness of the survival of the primitive in modern life, and the replacement of diachronic modes of analysis with synchronic, all of which are central to modern culture.

And it had a tremendous impact on all the social sciences for a while.

Grey slashed public expenditure against heavy opposition, although its impact was negligible at this point: silver was discovered in Glen Osmond that year, agriculture was well underway, and other mines sprung up all over the state, aiding Adelaide's commercial development.

) Some observers argue that, while academicians often perceive themselves as members of an elite, their influence is mostly imaginary: " Professors of humanities, with all their leftist fantasies, have little direct knowledge of American life and no impact whatever on public policy.

Line printers were the fastest of all impact printers and were used for bulk printing in large computer centres.

The cumulative impact of the Attlee ’ s Government ’ s health and welfare policies was such that all the indices of health ( such as statistics of school medical or dental officers, or of medical officers of health ) showed signs of improvement, with continual improvements in survival rates for infants and increased life expectancy for the elderly.

It introduced the Gaussian gravitational constant, and contained an influential treatment of the method of least squares, a procedure used in all sciences to this day to minimize the impact of measurement error.

The Convention requires countries to prepare a national biodiversity strategy ( or equivalent instrument ) and to ensure that this strategy is mainstreamed into the planning and activities of all those sectors whose activities can have an impact ( positive and negative ) on biodiversity.

Contact, compression, decompression, and the passage of the shock wave all occur within a few tenths of a second for a large impact.

" Romare Bearden described Alston as "... one of the most versatile artists whose enormous skill led him to a diversity of styles ..." Bearden also describes the professionalism and impact that Alston had on Harlem and the African American community: "' was a consummate artist and a voice in the development of African American art who never doubted the excellence of all people's sensitivity and creative ability.

Its lasting appeal and impact on modern video games has lead it to be considered one of the most important video games of all time.

The wreckage all evidenced an impact from left to right, wiping the whole front of the boat off in that direction.

In Consciousness Explained, Daniel Dennett ' distinguishes between a purely metaphysical sense of epiphenomenalism, in which the epiphenomenon has no causal impact at all, and Huxley's " steam whistle " epiphenomenalism, in which effects exist but are not functionally relevant.

In summing up the painting's impact, author Martha Tedeschi has stated: " Whistler's Mother, Wood's American Gothic, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Edvard Munch's The Scream have all achieved something that most paintings — regardless of their art historical importance, beauty, or monetary value — have not: they communicate a specific meaning almost immediately to almost every viewer.

Although testing medical interventions for efficacy has existed since the time of Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine in the 11th century, it was only in the 20th century that this effort evolved to impact almost all fields of health care and policy.

Thirty three countries, including the United States, China, and Australia, have laws that explicitly regulate franchising, with the majority of all other countries having laws which have a direct or indirect impact on franchising.

Thus, his historian style has been imitated all through the ages, and had a strong impact in Edward Gibbon and Montesquieu.

' Religion remained the major cause of differentiation in all Irish diaspora communities and had the greatest impact on identity, followed by the nature and difficulty of socio-economic conditions faced in each new country and the strength of continued social and political links of Irish immigrants and their descendants with the old country.

Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system.

What makes this mystery somewhat ironic is that the name " Imhotep " in Ancient Egyptian language translates to “ He who came in peace ,” underlining the way he came into the world, made his impact, and left it in peace taking all his genius work with him.

One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century, a time when many, such as Bertrand Russell, A. N. Whitehead and David Hilbert, were pioneering the use of logic and set theory to understand the foundations of mathematics.

In addition to Latin rap in Puerto Rico developing around the same time as early American hip-hop, and rap and reggae simultaneously having a substantial impact on each other, all three genres ( rap, Latin rap, and reggae / dancehall ) relate a certain message to their respective audiences.

There followed the materialist and atheist Jean Meslier, Julien Offroy de La Mettrie, Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d ' Holbach, Denis Diderot, and other French Enlightenment thinkers ; as well as in England, John " Walking " Stewart, whose insistence that all matter is endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth.