At the instant of any observation of an object, the apparent position of the object is displaced from its true position by an amount which depends solely upon the transverse component of the velocity of the observer, with respect to the vector of the incoming beam of light ( i. e., the line actually taken by the light on its path to the observer ).

Operating conditions to prevent charging of non-conductive specimens must be adjusted such that the incoming beam current was equal to sum of outcoming secondary and backscattered electrons currents.

In that case, part of the incoming beam is deflected by an angle 2θ, producing a reflection spot in the diffraction pattern.

However, this works only if the scattering is weak, i. e., if the scattered beams are much less intense than the incoming beam.

The incoming X-ray beam has a polarization and should be represented as a vector wave ; however, for simplicity, let it be represented here as a scalar wave.

Since there is a slight spread in the incoming wavelengths of the incoming X-ray beam, the values of | F ( q )| can be measured only for q vectors located between the two spheres corresponding to those radii.

The beam of incoming radio waves from the secondary reflector is reflected by additional mirrors in a long twisting path through the axes of the altazimuth mount, so the antenna can be steered without interrupting the beam, and then down through the antenna tower to a feed building at ground level.

These reflect radio waves coming from in front of them back parallel to the incoming beam.

1, the well-known Michelson configuration ) a single incoming beam of coherent light will be split into two identical beams by a beam splitter ( a partially reflecting mirror ).

* In experimental particle physics ( in particular beam experiments or flux measurements ), the product of the detector mass times the duration of the experiment, sometimes also multiplied by a measure of the intensity of the incoming flux.

The drop in beam intensity equals the incoming beam intensity

However, if the incoming beam makes a non-zero angle with the axis ( or if the emitting point source is not placed in the focus ), parabolic reflectors suffer from an aberration called coma.

As the same particle crosses the second beam, the detecting optics collect scattered light on a second photodetector, which converts the incoming light into a second electrical pulse.

Phased array antenna aiming, or beam steering, is done rapidly by electronically controlling the timing ( the phase ) of the incoming and outgoing signals.

Because the depth of the pits is approximately one-quarter to one-sixth of the laser's wavelength, the reflected beam's phase is shifted in relation to the incoming reading beam, causing mutual destructive interference and reducing the reflected beam's intensity.

A third version of the beam splitter is a dichroic mirrored prism assembly which uses dichroic optical coatings to divide an incoming light beam into a number of spectrally distinct output beams.

The beam may undergo Brillouin scattering from these vibrations, usually in opposite direction to the incoming beam, a phenomenon known as stimulated Brillouin scattering ( SBS ).

The electric fields of the incoming and observed beam can be divided up into those components lying in the plane of observation ( formed by the incoming and observed beams ) and those components perpendicular to that plane.

With the wire services coming into a device that would punch paper tape, rather than the linotype operator having to retype all the incoming wire stories, the paper tape could be put into a paper tape reader on the linotype and it would create the lead slugs without the operator re-typing the stories.

Keeping with the green design of the building, the NYAS uses recycled materials in many of the office furnishings, has zoned heating and cooling, and lights that detect motion, coming on automatically only when people are present, and adjust according to incoming sunlight .< ref >

However, with the coming of the Popular Liberation Army ( ELN by its Spanish initials ) there ensued a three-way struggle between the national military, the incoming guerrillas and local paramilitaries, with the serious consequence of massive population displacement.

Muhlenberg is primarily a regional college, with 77 % of incoming freshmen coming from New Jersey, Pennsylvania or New York.

Foreseeing this situation, General Bernardo O ’ Higgins employed some important measures which would serve the ultimate goal of defeating the Spanish, such as collecting the rifles and sabres given by Manuel Rodríguez to people after Cancha Rayada ; speeding up the incoming supplies from Los Andes ; acquiring or confiscating weapons held by individuals and merchants of Santiago to rearm the troops ; gathering up combatants from the population coming up from the south and organizing a training camp at Ochagavía.

In the 2007 the institution approved the quota system proposed by the Ministry of Education in early Luis Inácio Lula da Silva government, which makes 10 % of places for incoming students available to racial minorities and 20 % for students coming from public schools.

The incoming caravan was a buyer's market for goods coming from across the Muslim world.

The illumination coming from surfaces must scatter in a particular direction that is some function of the incoming direction of the arriving illumination, and the outgoing direction being sampled.

If baby teeth are retained too long, the incoming second teeth may be prevented from emerging at the normal time or may have to erupt in the wrong place.

Armour is being supplemented with active protection systems on a number of vehicles, allowing the AFV to protect itself from incoming projectiles.

Aberration occurs when the observer's velocity has a component that is perpendicular to the line traveled by the light incoming from the star.

All climate models balance, or very nearly balance, incoming energy as short wave ( including visible ) electromagnetic radiation to the earth with outgoing energy as long wave ( infrared ) electromagnetic radiation from the earth.

The reflected light being the sum of the incoming light ( L < sub > i </ sub >) from all directions, multiplied by the surface reflection and incoming angle.

Rockies first baseman Andrés Galarraga won the batting title, hitting. 370 for the season after Manager Don Baylor persuaded Galarraga to change from a standard batting stance into an open one in which he squarely faced the pitcher, allowing him to see incoming pitches properly.

An inbound call centre is operated by a company to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers.

In recent decades, the Dead Sea has been rapidly shrinking because of diversion of incoming water from the Jordan River to the north.

The murder of gay U. S. Navy petty officer Allen R. Schindler, Jr. on October 27, 1992, brought calls from advocates of allowing open service by gays and lesbians for prompt action from the incoming Clinton administration.

However, certain ionospheric effects begin to block incoming radiowaves from space, when their frequency is less than about 10 MHz ( wavelength longer than about 30 meters ).

This worked somewhat differently from an Ethernet bridge, where only the header of the incoming packet would be examined before it was either dropped or forwarded to another segment.

Artesian wells were dug, and landfill was hauled in from incoming ships ' ballast and from construction of New York City's subway tunnels, which doubled the size of Ellis Island to over six acres.

When calculating scattering cross sections in particle physics, the interaction between particles can be described by starting from a free field which describes the incoming and outgoing particles, and including an interaction Hamiltonian to describe how the particles deflect one another.

Each internal line corresponds to a factor of the corresponding virtual particle's propagator ; each vertex where lines meet gives a factor derived from an interaction term in the Lagrangian, and incoming and outgoing lines carry an energy, momentum, and spin.

There are three different types of lines: internal lines connect two vertices, incoming lines extend from " the past " to a vertex and represent an initial state, and outgoing lines extend from a vertex to " the future " and represent the final state.

However, if the node is firewalled, stopping the source node from receiving incoming connections, the client wanting to download a file sends it a so-called push request to the server for the remote client to initiate the connection instead ( to push the file ).

* The incoming radiation from the Sun is mostly in the form of visible light and nearby wavelengths, largely in the range 0. 2 – 4 μm, corresponding to the Sun's radiative temperature of 6, 000 K. Almost half the radiation is in the form of " visible " light, which our eyes are adapted to use.

Parabolic reflectors resolve this, allowing incoming parallel rays ( for example, light from a distant star ) to be focused to a small spot ; almost an ideal point.

Major search engine robots are more likely to quantify such extant factors as the volume of incoming links from related websites, quantity and quality of content, technical precision of source code, spelling, functional v. broken hyperlinks, volume and consistency of searches and / or viewer traffic, time within website, page views, revisits, click-throughs, technical user-features, uniqueness, redundancy, relevance, advertising revenue yield, freshness, geography, language and other intrinsic characteristics.

In recent years, it also introduced so-called 100 % checks and bodyscans at Schiphol Airport on incoming flights from Dutch overseas territories Aruba and Netherlands Antilles to prevent importing cocaine by means of swallowing balloons by mules.