In general, an increase in doping concentration affords an increase in conductivity due to the higher concentration of carriers available for conduction.

An alternative to coating for some biological samples is to increase the bulk conductivity of the material by impregnation with osmium using variants of the OTO staining method ( O-osmium, T-thiocarbohydrazide, O-osmium ).

In 1800, Volta stacked several pairs of alternating copper ( or silver ) and zinc discs ( electrodes ) separated by cloth or cardboard soaked in brine ( electrolyte ) to increase the electrolyte conductivity.

Heating a semiconductor can excite electrons into conduction states, but it is more practical to increase conductivity by adding impurities to the crystal.

At the surface of a semiconductor the level of the conduction band can be altered, which will increase or decrease the conductivity of the crystal.

It would have a gas or vapor core composed of UF < sub > 4 </ sub > with some < sup > 4 </ sup > He and / or < sup > 3 </ sup > He added to increase the electrical conductivity, the vapor core may also have tiny UF < sub > 4 </ sub > droplets in it.

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a significant increase in the electrical conductivity and permeability of the cell plasma membrane caused by an externally applied electrical field.

An electric field can increase the number of free electrons and holes in a semiconductor, thereby changing its conductivity.

The term " enhancement mode " refers to the increase of conductivity with increase in oxide field that adds carriers to the channel, also referred to as the inversion layer.

Various additives are often applied to increase the conductivity of such systems.

In order to increase the mechanical strength and conductivity of such electrolytes, very often composites are used, namely inert ceramic phase is introduced.

Additionally, non-metal chemicals such as carbonates and phosphates may be added to increase conductivity.

Sintering is effective when the process reduces the porosity and enhances properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, translucency and thermal conductivity ; yet, in other cases, it may be useful to increase its strength but keep its gas absorbency constant as in filters or catalysts.

The combination of a modest increase in conductivity along with this improvement in electromigration resistance was to prove highly attractive.

Towards the end of his life he was occupied with experimental inquiries into the laws of the conduction of heat in iron bars, and his last piece of work was to show that the thermal conductivity of iron diminishes with increase of temperature.

Orienting responses to unexpected stimuli, arousal and worry, and cognitive activity can increase eccrine sweat gland activity, increasing the conductivity of the skin for electrical current.

As with all transparent conducting films, a compromise must be made between conductivity and transparency, since increasing the thickness and increasing the concentration of charge carriers will increase the material's conductivity, but decrease its transparency.

To decrease the initial droplet size, compounds that increase the conductivity ( e. g. acetic acid ) are customarily added to the solution.

The chemical transformation of the dielectric also tends to increase the electrical conductivity of the dielectric material surrounding the voids.

This type of thermal conductor is often used in computer systems to increase the thermal conductivity of the CPU or GPU.

In proportion to the degradation of his moral worth, is the increase of his worth to them ''.

DeKalb's budget for 1961 is a record one and carries with it the promise of no tax increase to make it balance.

Considering what is being done compared to what needs to be done, it behooves the hospital management to do some mighty careful planning toward making the best possible use of the increase granted.

He is basing his guess on new government statistics that show business has broadened its stride -- a new record high in personal income, an increase in housing starts, a spurt in retail sales and a gain in orders for durable goods.

But it would greatly strengthen any Mayor's executive powers, remove the excuse in large degree that he is a captive of inaction in the Board of Estimate, increase his budget-making authority both as to expense and capital budgets, and vest in him the right to reorganize city departments in the interest of efficiency and economy.

`` It's a whole lot easier '', he said, `` to increase the population of Nevada, than it is to increase the population of New York city ''.

It has already been reported in your newspapers that the East Greenwich School Committee is considering additions to at least one elementary school and to the high school to insure future accommodations for a school population that we know will increase.

Four billion dollars of the spending increase is for defense, an expenditure necessitated by the penny-wise policies of the Eisenhhower Administration, quite apart from the recent crises in Berlin and elsewhere.

Four hundred million dollars of the increase is for the expanded space program, a responsibility similarly neglected by Mr. Eisenhower.

Molotov, in particular, is being charged with all kinds of sins -- especially with wanting to cut down free public services, to increase rents and fares ; ;

The funds recouped by reductions in item 12 above are used: first, to increase the unadjusted allotments to the specified minimum in those States where the unadjusted allotment is less than the minimum allotment ( item 13 above ) ; ;

This use is expected to increase to about 50 million visits by 1972.

A substantial increase is estimated in the cost of operating additional communications systems in the air defense program, as well as in all programs where speed and security of communications are essential.

At that time consideration will be given to whether in the light of the United States supplies of rice available for Title 1, disposal, India's production, consumption and stocks of food grains, other imports from the United States and countries friendly to the United States, India's storage capacity, and other related factors, any increase would be possible in the portion of the total rice programmed which is currently planned for procurement during the first year.

Much of this necessary increase in research and development, though properly chargeable to current expenses, is not reflected in earnings until projects are completed and the new machines sold in quantity, usually over a period of several years.

However, its modern one-story layout is designed to increase our production capacity, permit more efficient manufacturing, and substantially reduce current repair and maintenance costs.

The purpose of the Club is to promote better athletic teams at Carleton and to increase interest in them among the student body.

The fact is that removing and leaving out a thermostat from any water cooled vehicle, will greatly increase the fuel consumption, reduce power and contribute to spark plug fouling due to an accumulation of excessive carbon deposits on the insulators.

It is assumed that the flux values increase by a factor of 2.512 per magnitude, in accordance with the opinion that the total mass flux in each unit range in magnitude is constant.

Similarly, at the opposite end of the market cycle, towards the end of an intermediate or major decline, usually while the bottom is being formed on the price chart, it is characteristic that an increase is noticed in odd-lot selling again alerting the chartist that a bottom is becoming a greater likelihood.

He also demanded that Kennedy take additional measures to increase international tension: specifically to crush the Cuban revolution, resume nuclear testing, resist more vigorously admission of China to its lawful seat in the United Nations, and postpone non-military programs at home ''.

Since then, there has been a notable increase in the number of stations and also the accumulation of additional data and the development of new techniques for using it, leading to a better understanding of propagation phenomena.

A state of parasympathetic `` tuning '' of the hypothalamus induced experimentally causes not only an increase in the parsympathetic reactivity of this structure to direct and reflexly induced stimuli, but leads also to an autonomic reversal: a stimulus acting sympathetically under control conditions elicits in this state of tuning a parasympathetic response!!

The entry-limiting price will also be raised for potential domestic competition, but unless general inflation permits profit margins to increase proportionately throughout the economy, we might expect the public-limit price to approach the entry-limit price.

We are abstracting from the fact of strikes here, but it should be obvious that the extent to which the public-limit price is raised by a given increase in the basic wage rate is also a function of the show of resistance put up by the industry.

The increase also was opposed by Leonard Kaplan, spokesman for the Home Builders Association of Philadelphia, on behalf of association members who operate apartment houses.

The potato chip industry these days is growing, not only as a result of population increase and public acceptance of convenience foods, but also because of a combination of circumstances that has led to growth by merger.

McCullough and Farah also state that the risk of acquiring cancer rises almost five times for users of alcohol-containing mouthwash who neither smoke nor drink ( with a higher rate of increase for those who do ).

However, this tenfold increase in population over the course of a few generations could not be achieved by increased birthrate alone ; likely it also involved migrations of peoples from surrounding areas.

The Compact also includes a $ 146 million project to increase the productivity of approximately 250, 000 farm households through improved water supply, higher yields, higher-value crops, and a more competitive agricultural sector.

Note that this pressure increase is more than a simple 10: 1 compression ratio would indicate ; this is because the gas is not only compressed, but the work done to compress the gas has also heated the gas and the hotter gas will have a greater pressure even if the volume had not changed.

During this term Johnson also made a concerted effort to increase his sphere of interactions ; his higher profile was exemplified by a biographical sketch published in the New York Times in May 1849, describing him as an excellent committee worker and investigator.

Many GA-style guitars also have a convex back panel to increase the volume of space in the soundbox without making the soundbox deeper at the edges, which would affect comfort and playability.

Another extrinsic pathway for initiation identified in several toxin studies is an increase in calcium concentration within a cell caused by drug activity, which also can cause apoptosis via a calcium binding protease calpain.

It was originally believed that the associated accumulation of cells was due to an increase in cellular proliferation, but it is now known that it is also due to a decrease in cell death.

From the 1960s, pieds-noirs ( French citizens living in the north African colonies ), immigrants chiefly from the Maghreb, and continental French people also contributed to the increase.

Compounds containing calcium may also increase calcium output in the urine, which might be associated with kidney stones.

The system in general aims to increase blood pressure by increasing the amount of salt and water the body retains, although angiotensin is also very good at causing the blood vessels to tighten ( a potent vasoconstrictor ).

Sodium is a " water-holding " ion, so water is also retained, which leads to increased blood volume, hence an increase in blood pressure.

* Stimulation of the posterior pituitary to release vasopressin ( antidiuretic hormone, ADH ) also acts on the kidneys to increase water retention.

Some evidence also suggests ACE inhibitors might increase inflammation-related pain, perhaps mediated by the buildup of bradykinin that accompanies ACE inhibition.

Severe childhood trauma is also associated with a general increase in the risk of drug dependency.

In cultivated areas, limestone may also be added to increase the ability of the soil to keep the pH stable, but this tactic is largely unusable in the case of wilderness lands.

The UDF government also failed to stop the growing negative account balance, which has since then continued to increase, reaching a negative of $ 12. 65 billion in 2008.

Disraeli's proposal to extend the tax to Ireland gained him further enemies, and he was also hampered by an unexpected increase in defence expenditure, which was forced on him by Derby and Sir John Pakington ( Secretary of State for War and the Colonies ) ( leading to his celebrated remark to John Bright about the " damned defences ").