Deng Xiaoping was the Paramount Leader of China from 1978 to 1992, although he never became the head of the party or state, and his influence within the Party led the country to significant economic reforms.

But by using structural reforms to widen opportunities for leaders and popular movements in the union republics to gain influence, Gorbachev also made it possible for nationalist, orthodox communist, and populist forces to oppose his attempts to liberalize and revitalize Soviet communism.

Emperor Go-Sanjō, determined to restore imperial control through strong personal rule, implemented reforms to curb Fujiwara influence.

In Southern's opinion, these reforms and the decline in senatorial influence not only helped Aurelian to salvage the Empire, but they also make Gallienus one of the emperors most responsible for the creation of the dominate, along with Septimius Severus, Diocletian and Constantine I.

From 1992 to 1997, Italy faced significant challenges, as voters, disenchanted with past political paralysis, massive government debt, extensive corruption, and organized crime's considerable influence — collectively called Tangentopoli after being uncovered by Mani pulite — demanded political, economic, and ethical reforms.

At the same time the commitment to unilateral nuclear disarmament was dropped, and reforms of Party Conference and the National Executive meant that local parties lost much of their ability to influence policy.

In the United States, where both major parties were cadre parties, the introduction of primaries and other reforms has transformed them so that power is held by activists who compete over influence and nomination of candidates.

Religious leaders, who had gained influence under Habibullah Khan, were unhappy with Amānullāh's extensive religious reforms.

His influence and reforms at the Admiralty were important in the early professionalisation of the Royal Navy.

In response to the Occupy Wall Street protests and the worldwide occupy movement calling for U. S. campaign finance reform eliminating corporate influence in politics, among other reforms, Representative Ted Deutch introduced the " Outlawing Corporate Cash Undermining the Public Interest in our Elections and Democracy " ( OCCUPIED ) constitutional amendment on November 18, 2011.

" Traditional " topics include the influence of elections on the choice of economic policy, determinants of electoral outcomes, the political business cycles, central-bank independence, redistributive conflicts in fiscal policy, and the politics of delayed reforms in developing countries and of excessive deficits.

There was a concern that dissenters who wanted the reforms to go much further ( for example, to abolish hierarchies of bishops ) would increase in influence.

She used her influence to institute liberal reforms.

Fang talked openly about introducing political reforms which would end the influence of the Communist Party within the Chinese government.

The situation was particularly delicate since Karzai and his administration have not been equipped either financially or politically to influence reforms outside of the region around Kabul.

The key ideological influence on the Anglosphere branch of the cooperative movement, however, was a rejection of the charity principles that underpinned welfare reforms when the British government radically revised its Poor Laws in 1834.

More often, however, Kantemir indirectly praised Peter's influence through his satiric criticism of Russia's “ superficiality and obscurantism ,” which he saw as manifestations of the backwardness Peter attempted to correct through his reforms.

The surrounding powers considered the Commonwealth's internal situation and the reforms initiated by the Constitution of May 3, 1791, the first constitution written in the modern era in Europe and second in the world after that of the United States, as a threat to their influence over Polish politics.

It is the force behind the new religion and crushing political reforms, and through Lassic it extends its influence throughout the Algol solar system.

Conceived in the spirit of popes such as Leo IX, his reforms led by a natural sequence to strained relations between Church and State ; the equilibrium which he established was unstable, and depended too much upon his personal influence with the Conqueror.

Physiocratic influence also led to the inclusion of agriculture in these reforms.

Go-Sanjo, determined to restore imperial control through strong personal rule, implemented reforms to curb Fujiwara influence.

General Aleksei Brusilov, Michael's commander on the south-eastern front, begged him to tell the Tsar of " the need for immediate and drastic reforms ", but Michael warned him, " I have no influence ... My brother has time and time again had warnings and entreaties of this kind from every quarter.

His military report was a detailed account of modernization in the late Qing Dynasty, covering education, military reforms, Han colonization of ethnic borderlands, mining and industry, railway construction, the influence of Japan, and opium smoking.

However, it is important to trace the philosophy of the French Revolution to its sources to understand the common democratic origin of individualism and socialism and the influence of the latter on the former.

I am not aware of great attention by any of these authors or by the psychotherapeutic profession to the role of literary study in the development of conscience -- most of their attention is to a pre-literate period of life, or, for the theologians of course, to the influence of religion.

In a small way this is illustrated by the nineteenth-century novelist who argued for the powerful influence of literature as a teacher of society and who illustrated this with the way a girl learned to meet her lover, how to behave, how to think about this new experience, how to exercise restraint.

It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.

Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.

One's daily work becomes sacred, since it is performed in the field of influence of the moral law, dealing as it does with people as well as with matter and energy.

When we turn to Aristotle's ideas on the moral measure of literature, it is at once apparent that he is at times equally concerned about the influence of the art.

For the dignity, the influence, and the power of the legislative branch of our Government -- it is a privilege for us to do honor to this great man who represents not alone his own district but all the people of our country.

I pray to God that he may be spared to us for many years to come for this is an influence the United States and the whole world can ill afford to lose.

The way a house is set on its lot can therefore influence how much cooling you're going to need.

It is important to consider and experimentally verify this influence since quantitative nuclear resonance is becoming increasingly used in investigations of structure.

If this is the case, one would expect that not only the various procedures just mentioned which alter the hypothalamic balance would influence emotional state and behavior but that emotion itself would act likewise.

and in modern societies such influence is still great.

There is some indication from a limited number of interviews with members of the population that the element of power, primarily the voluntary influence of non-authoritative power, has been exerted on actors in the system, particularly in regard to mate selection.

The positive Kohnstamm reactivity in Condition 1 ( ( the naive state ) is not adequately explained by such a concept as suggestibility ( if suggestibility is defined as the influence on behavior by verbal cues ).

What they should recognize is that children who have been placed in one of these groups on a narrow academic basis still differ widely in attributes that influence success, and that they still must be treated as individuals.

While this influence is a complex matter, depending upon personality factors in the individual as well as upon his social-class experience, there probably are some general statements about social-class background and educational policy that can be made with a fair degree of truth.

It is obvious that such an influence can only be expected in the final stage of an image intensifier at rather high output levels.

And the emphasis on nationalism in America is in proportion to the growth of American influence across the world.

Here I do not speak of military power where our advantage is obvious and overwhelming but of political power -- of influence, if you will -- about which the relevant questions are: Is Soviet influence throughout the world greater or less than it was ten years ago??

And is Western influence greater or less than it used to be??