Any information may be conveyed by an analog signal ; often such a signal is a measured response to changes in physical phenomena, such as sound, light, temperature, position, or pressure.

This form of data manipulation allows for rapid computer visualisation and analysis, with data presented as point cloud data with additional information, such as each ion's mass to charge ( as computed from the velocity equation above ), voltage or other auxiliary measured quantity or computation therefrom.

The information that is lost includes every quantity that cannot be measured far away from the black hole horizon, including approximately conserved quantum numbers such as the total baryon number and lepton number.

This is totally spurious, since no matter who measured first the other will measure the opposite spin despite the fact that ( in theory ) the other has a 50 % ' probability ' ( 50: 50 chance ) of measuring the same spin, unless data about the first spin measurement has somehow passed faster than light ( of course TI gets around the light speed limit by having information travel backwards in time instead ).

Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs ( e. g., voltage applied to an electric motor ) have an effect on the process outputs ( e. g., speed or torque of the motor ), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller ; the result ( the control signal ) is " fed back " as input to the process, closing the loop.

If it is " observed " ( measured with a photon ) not at a particular slit but rather at the screen, then there is no " which path " information as part of the interaction, so the electron's " observed " position on the screen is determined strictly by its probability function.

Entropy, if considered as information ( see information entropy ), is measured in bits.

This usage isn't consistent, as sometimes the term channel refers to an individual measured item, with parameter referring to the setup information about that channel.

Quantum information, and changes in quantum information, can be quantitatively measured by using an analogue of Shannon entropy, called the von Neumann entropy.

The information content of a message can, for this reason, be measured in terms of the minimum number n of two-level systems which are needed to store the message: consists of n qubits.

) This is another way to say that quantum information cannot be measured reliably.

See also Selenium-79 for more information on recent changes in the measured half-life of this long-lived fission product, important for the dose calculations performed in the frame of the geological disposal of long-lived radioactive waste.

The orientation of the lineation can then be calculated from the rake and strike-dip information of the plane it was measured from, using a stereographic projection.

The ability of the registration system to fulfil these original objectives can be measured in terms of the breadth of its coverage and the quality of the information provided.

Indeed, the power of theta frequency in the EEG increases with working memory load, and oscillations in the theta band measured over different parts of the skull become more coordinated when the person tries to remember the binding between two components of information.

Comparing measured vapor pressures to predicted values from Raoult's law provides information about the true relative strength of intermolecular forces.

Igal Talmi developed a method to obtain the information from experimental data and use it to calculate and predict energies which have not been measured.

As early interest is measured, this information feeds back through the editorial process and may affect the formatting of the book and the strategy employed to sell it.

The scattering angle ( that is, the amount that the electron's path is deflected ) can also be measured, giving information about the dispersion relation of whatever material excitation caused the inelastic scattering.

Regarding Landauer's principle, the minimum energy dissipated by deleting information was experimentally measured by Eric Lutz et al.

An observer in the Chaco point would see the Moon at the left of the Sun, and an observer in the Madeira point would see the Moon at the right of the Sun, and that whoever measured the two heights was likely to observe also this one bit of information.

Although the wavefunction contains information, it is a complex number valued quantity ; only its relative phase and relative magnitude can be measured.

The information is furnished by each of the guests, is sent by oral broadcasting over the air waves, and is received by the ears.

It differed from what an undergraduate receives today from any American college or university mainly in the certainty of what he was forced to learn compared with the loose and widely scattered information obtained today by most of our undergraduates.

And to do this requires first of all the kind of information about people which is provided by the scientists in industrial anthropology and consumer research, who, for example, tell Courtenay that three days is the `` optimum priming period for a closed social circuit to be triggered with a catalytic cue-phrase '' -- which means that an effective propaganda technique is to send an idea into circulation and then three days later reinforce or undermine it.

SBA serves also as a clearing house for information on products and processes particularly adaptable for exploitation by small firms.

All research within the United States contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of this Act, shall be provided for in such manner that all information, uses, products, processes, patents, and other developments resulting from such research developed by Government expenditure will ( with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the Secretary may find to be necessary in the interest of national defense ) be available to the general public.

The survival of the family will depend largely on information received by radio.

A low-power, `` carrier-current '' broadcasting station, KARL, heard only in the campus dormitories, is owned and operated by the students to provide an outlet for student dramatic, musical, literary, technical, and other talents, and to furnish information, music, and entertainment for campus listeners.

Informed estimates look for this market to approximately quadruple by the late 1960's, under the stimulus of new applications in the fields of banking and retailing, industrial process control, and information storage and retrieval.

The information provided by the electron paramagnetic effects is then discussed, and finally the nuclear effects are interpreted in terms of various motional-modified models of the Af bond in Af.

Even in the neighborhood of the Earth, where information has been obtained both directly and indirectly, the derived flux values vary by at least four orders of magnitude.

In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''.

Even though the registers may have an incomplete record of persons present in a particular area or include persons no longer living there, they contain precise information on ages, by date of birth, for some of the persons present ( especially children in relatively stable communities ) and supplementary information ( such as records of marital status ) for many others.

Furthermore, it may be possible to estimate the error due to bias in method ( as distinguished from sampling error ) in each of these sources, on such subjects as fertility, mortality, and migration during a given interval by using information from two largely independent sources in conjunction.

The rating scale of compulsivity was constructed by first perusing the interview records, categorizing all evidence related to compulsivity, then arranging a distribution of such information apart from the case records.

We propose a method for selecting only dictionary information required by the text being translated and a means for passing the information directly to the occurrences in text.

dictionary information about the form stored at this location can be retrieved directly by occurrences of the form in text.

Finally, information is retrieved from the dictionary as required by stages of the translation process -- the grammatical description for sentence-structure determination, equivalent-choice information for semantic analysis, and target-language equivalents for output construction.

If Af was assigned as the information cell for Af, the routine can detect that Af is identical to Af by comparing Af with the form stored at location Af.

If Af leads to an address Af that is equal to the address computed from Af, even though Af does not match Af, the chain of information cells is extended from Af by storing the address of the next available cell in the Y-region, Af, in Af.