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The inhibitor protein ( IP ) is situated in the mitochondrial matrix and protects the cell against rapid ATP hydrolysis during momentary ischaemia.
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inhibitor and protein
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( XIAP ) is overexpressed in cells of the H460 cell line.
BI811283 is a small molecule inhibitor of the Aurora B kinase protein being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for use as an anti-cancer agent.
2 ) The enterocytes express high levels of TLR inhibitor Toll-interacting protein ( TOLLIP ).
# The cIII protein acts to protect the cII protein from proteolysis by FtsH ( a membrane-bound essential E. coli protease ) by acting as a competitive inhibitor.
Protein binding can be extraordinarily tight and specific ; for example, the ribonuclease inhibitor protein binds to human angiogenin with a sub-femtomolar dissociation constant (< 10 < sup >− 15 </ sup > M ) but does not bind at all to its amphibian homolog onconase (> 1 M ).
The other protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics used today ( e. g., tetracyclines, lincomycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol ) do not interact with components of eukaryotic ribosomal particles and, thus, have not been shown to be toxic to eukaryotes, as opposed to the fluoroquinolone class of drugs.
By purifying urine using salt precipitation, isoelectric focusing, and size-exclusion chromatography, some researchers have found that calgranulin, a protein formed in the kidney, is a potent inhibitor of the in vivo formation of calcium oxalate crystals.
Guar protein is not usable by humans unless toasted to destroy the trypsin inhibitor.
In similar manner, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 was found to significantly reduce the physical size of tumors ; they decreased roughly 65 % in size in 4 months of trialing, and continued to diminish.
* DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4, a protein that in humans is encoded by the ID4 gene
* Gremlin ( protein ) or Drm, an inhibitor in the TGF beta signaling pathway
* Protein kinase inhibitor ( cell biology ), a type of enzyme inhibitor that specifically blocks the action of one or more protein kinases
In addition, it activates Factors VIII and V and their inhibitor protein C ( in the presence of thrombomodulin ), and it activates Factor XIII, which forms covalent bonds that crosslink the fibrin polymers that form from activated monomers.
Thrombin bound to thrombomodulin activates protein C, an inhibitor of the coagulation cascade.
examined reuptake inhibitor selectivity among the rat serotonin reuptake protein ( SERT ) expressed in human embryonic kidney cells ( HEK-SERT ).
They presented SERT with varying doses of either citalopram ( SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ) or desipramine ( an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake protein, NET ).
There are number of cell signalling pathways believed to regulate this decrease in myosin light chain phosphatase: a RhoA-Rock kinase pathway, a Protein kinase C-Protein kinase C potentiation inhibitor protein 17 ( CPI-17 ) pathway, telokin, and a Zip kinase pathway.
The similarity between this PR protein and other PR proteins to the maize alpha-amylase / trypsin inhibitor has suggested PR proteins may act as some form of inhibitor.
A small molecule inhibitor that targets a key protein in the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
It also contains a serine protease type enzyme called nattokinase which may also reduce blood clotting both by direct fibrinolysis of clots, and inhibition of the plasma protein plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.
inhibitor and is
Ampicillin acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.
Tramadol is structurally closer to venlafaxine than to codeine and delivers analgesia by not only delivering " opiate-like " effects ( through mild agonism of the mu receptor ) but also by acting as a weak but fast-acting serotonin releasing agent and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
Harmine and harmaline are selective and reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A ( MAO-A ), while tetrahydroharmine is a weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SRI ).
A new generation of MAOIs has been introduced ; moclobemide ( Manerix ), known as a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A ( RIMA ), which is as effective as SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, in depressive disorders, acts in a more short-lived and selective manner and does not require a special diet.
It is primarily for this reason that the histamine H2 antagonists including cimetidine ( Tagamet ), famotidine ( Pepcid ), and ranitidine ( Zantac ), and the proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) omeprazole ( Prilosec ) were made OTC.
An ACE inhibitor ( or angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor ) is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension ( high blood pressure ) and congestive heart failure.
With ACE inhibitor use, the production of angiotensin II is decreased, leading to decreased blood pressure.
Captopril is also the only ACE inhibitor which is capable of passing through the blood – brain barrier, although the significance of this characteristic has not been shown to have any positive clinical effects.
However the term inhibitor is preferred since they do not work by introducing a reaction path with higher activation energy ; this would not reduce the rate since the reaction would continue to occur by the non-catalyzed path.
DMT is broken down by the digestive enzyme monoamine oxidase through a process called deamination, and is therefore inactive if taken orally unless combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor ( MAOI ).
Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as purple spheres, and an enzyme inhibitor called S-hexylglutathione is shown as a space-filling model, filling the two active sites.
With time, Bobby gains sufficient control over his augmented powers that he is able to stop using the inhibitor belt.
PKMζ maintains the activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength and inhibiting PKMζ erases established long-term memories, without affecting short-term memory or, once the inhibitor is eliminated, the ability to encode and store new long-term memories is restored.
This lubricant is also a corrosion inhibitor, protecting against rust, salts, and acids.
This is demonstrated by the fact that a 2-deoxy analog is an effective competitive inhibitor ( K < sub > i </ sub > = 10mM ).
Harmaline found in Peganum harmala, as well as the Ayahausca vine, Banisteriopsis caapi, and Passiflora incarnata is a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A ( RIMA ).
Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ), which blocks re-uptake of serotonin by the presynaptic cell.
If a COX-2 inhibitor is taken, one should not use a traditional NSAID ( prescription or over-the-counter ) concomitantly.
inhibitor and mitochondrial
DCA, a small-molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, " downregulates " glycolysis in vitro and in vivo.
inhibitor and cell
Kinases are turned on or off by phosphorylation ( sometimes by the kinase itself-cis-phosphorylation / autophosphorylation ), by binding of activator proteins or inhibitor proteins, or small molecules, or by controlling their location in the cell relative to their substrates.
Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts upon vascular endothelial growth factor receptor ( VEGFR ), platelet-derived growth factor receptor ( PDGFR ), stem cell factor receptor, and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor ( Burstein et al.
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor, inducing favorable outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancers.
Gefitinib, functioning as an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved symptoms related to non-small cell lung cancer and resulted in radiographic tumor regressions.
Geron's telomerase inhibitor drug ( GRN163L ) attempts to stop cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting telomerase and it is in three separate early stage human clinical trials.
The potent Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of cancer .. HSPgp96 also shows promise as an anticancer treatment and is currently in clinical trials against non-small cell lung cancer.
Ras inhibitor trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid ( FTS, Salirasib ) exhibits profound anti-oncogenic effects in many cancer cell lines.
The chemical compound lauroside B isolated from Laurus nobilis is an inhibitor of human melanoma ( skin cancer ) cell proliferation at high concentrations.
* Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, inhibits cell migration and has antiangiogenic effects
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H +/ K +- ATPase in the gastric parietal cell.
Another mechanism of protection is ribonuclease inhibitor ( RI ), which comprises a relatively large fraction of cellular protein (~ 0. 1 %) in some cell types, and which binds to certain ribonucleases with the highest affinity of any protein-protein interaction ; the dissociation constant for the RI-RNase A complex is ~ 20 fM under physiological conditions.
Serpin polymerisation reduces the amount of active inhibitor, as well as accumulation of serpin polymers, causing cell death and organ failure.
Binding to the IGF1R, a receptor tyrosine kinase, initiates intracellular signaling ; IGF-1 is one of the most potent natural activators of the AKT signaling pathway, a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation, and a potent inhibitor of programmed cell death.
* Lemon Balm — displays adaptogen properties ; in rats it has been shown to possess GABA transaminase inhibitor activity and in homogenates of human cerebral cortical cell membranes possesses activity at acetylcholine receptors.
Patients about to receive chemotherapy for a cancer with a high cell turnover rate, especially lymphomas and leukemias, should receive prophylactic oral or IV allopurinol ( a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which inhibits uric acid production ) as well as adequate IV hydration to maintain high urine output (> 2. 5 L / day ).
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 is induced by both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms and can arrest the cell cycle at the G1 / S and G2 / M checkpoints by deactivating cyclin / cyclin-dependent kinase complexes.
The cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 has also been shown to allow regrowth of cochlear hair cells in mice following genetic deletion or knock down with siRNA targeting p27.
There is a feed-back regulation of the action of thymidine kinase in the cell: thymidine triphosphate ( TTP ), the product of the further phosphorylation of thymidine, acts as an inhibitor to thymidine kinase.
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