In simpler term, Biotechnology is the research and development in the laboratory that involves bioinformatics for exploration, extraction, exploitation and production from any living organisms and any source of biomass by means of biochemical engineering where high value-added products could be planned ( reproduced by Biosynthesis, for example ), fore-casted, formulated, developed, manufactured and marketed for the purpose of sustainable operations ( for the return from bottomless initial investment on R & D ) and gaining durable patents rights ( for exclusives rights for sales, and prior to this to receive national and international approval from the results on animal experiment and human experiment, especially on the pharmaceutical branch of biotechnology to prevent any undetected side-effects on safety concerns by using the products ), for more about the biotechnology industry, see.

This includes mine planning to evaluate the economically recoverable portion of the deposit, the metallurgy and ore recoverability, marketability and payability of the ore concentrates, engineering concerns, milling and infrastructure costs, finance and equity requirements and an analysis of the proposed mine from the initial excavation all the way through to reclamation.

This includes mine planning to evaluate the economically recoverable portion of the deposit, the metallurgy and ore recoverability, marketability and payability of the ore concentrates, engineering, milling and infrastructure costs, finance and equity requirements and a cradle to grave analysis of the possible mine, from the initial excavation all the way through to reclamation.

After initial construction, some engineering testing was done and the prototypes were used to train nuclear-qualified sailors for many years afterwards.

Simulations are useful in modeling the flow of transactions through business processes, such as in the field of sales process engineering, to study and improve the flow of customer orders through various stages of completion ( say, from an initial proposal for providing goods / services through order acceptance and installation ).

From its initial public announcement, Murphy's law quickly spread to various technical cultures connected to aerospace engineering.

Distributions are also important in physics and engineering where many problems naturally lead to differential equations whose solutions or initial conditions are distributions, such as the Dirac delta distribution.

An Air Force Hercules cargo plane and an army engineering team were provided by New Zealand along with an initial $ 200, 000.

The university's first president, Gerry Hagey, gathered teachers of engineering and basic sciences, and also obtained an initial grant of $ 625, 000 from the government.

The progression of the war demonstrated the South's disadvantage in engineering expertise ; because of the initial 65 cadets who resigned from West Point to accept positions with the Confederate Army, only seven were placed in the Corps of Engineers.

Marshall has the engineering capabilities to take space vehicles from initial concept to sustained service.

Nonetheless, the NSF's scope has expanded over the years to include many areas that were not in its initial portfolio, including the social and behavioral sciences, engineering, and science and mathematics education.

Almost all engineering drawings ( except perhaps reference-only views or initial sketches ) communicate not only geometry ( shape and location ) but also dimensions and tolerances for those characteristics.

He also founded the Nova Scotia Technical College ( NSTC ), where students pursued their senior engineering and graduate years-typically the last 2 – 3 years of undergraduate engineering, after doing the initial two years at one of the associated universities.

Proponents of exploratory engineering contend that it is an appropriate initial approach to such problems.

The initial sponsors included Peter Hain ( a former Young Liberal leader ; then the communications officer of the postal workers ' union UCW, more recently Secretary of State for Wales ), Ernie Roberts ( deputy general secretary of the engineering union AUEW ) and Paul Holborow ( of the Socialist Workers Party ( SWP )).

Consequently, the University of Utah became solely responsible, for a time, for courses in engineering, law, medicine, fine arts, and pedagogy, despite the Agricultural College's initial charter in 1888 which mandated that it offer instruction in such things.

Function analysis, an important technique in value engineering, is usually done in this initial stage.

The primary goal of Arts et Métiers ParisTech is to provide an initial foundation in general engineering principles for the disciplines of mechanical engineering, power engineering and industrial engineering.

The use of PBL has expanded from its initial introduction into medical school programs to include education in the areas of other health sciences, math, law, education, economics, business, social studies, and engineering ( Barrows 1996 ; Gasser, 2011 ).

For years it has had two kinds of initial degrees: 3-year " Diplomatura " or " Ingeniería Técnica " ( technical engineering ) degrees and 4, 5 or 6-year " Licenciatura " or " Ingeniería " degrees.

Other communities -- the ones to be aided most by the Senate bill -- have had difficulty starting such stations because of the high initial cost of equipment.

Radiation, therefore, is at an initial cost disadvantage even though only 1 to 10 per cent as much radiation energy as heat energy is required for radiopasteurization or radiosterilization.

Most orthodontists require an initial payment to cover the cost of diagnostic materials and construction of the appliances, but usually the remainder of the cost may be spread over a period of months or years.

CRTs also still find adherents in video gaming because of their higher resolution per initial cost, lowest possible input lag, fast response time, and multiple native resolutions.

The advantage of such a system lies in its ability to expand its own capacity rapidly and without additional human effort ; in essence, the initial investment required to construct the first clanking replicator would have an arbitrarily large payoff with no additional labor cost, with future returns discounted by their present value.

Client / server networks with their additional capacities have a higher initial setup cost for networking than peer to peer networks.

Sequencing the initial patient's whole genome cost $ 50, 000, but researchers estimated that it would soon cost $ 5, 000 and become common.

The up-front cost for implementing a data warehouse using the top-down methodology is significant, and the duration of time from the start of project to the point that end users experience initial benefits can be substantial.

The contract for the initial system was awarded to GEC Mowlem in 1984 and the system was constructed from 1985 to 1987 at a cost of £ 77 million.

However cost and initial rarity of software using the memory above 1 MB meant that 80286 computers were rarely shipped with more than one megabyte of RAM.

By 1947, there would be approximately 22, 000 motor courts in operation in the US alone ; a typical 50-room motel in that era cost $ 3000 per room in initial construction costs, compared to $ 12, 000 per room for metropolitan city hotel construction.

Since each firm has large initial costs, as the firm gains market share and increases its output the fixed cost ( what they initially invested ) is divided among a larger number of customers.

Therefore, in industries with large initial investment requirements, average total cost declines as output increases over a much larger range of output levels.

Once a natural monopoly has been established because of the large initial cost and that, according to the rule of economies of scale, the larger corporation ( to a point ) has lower average cost and therefore a huge advantage.

The initial impact of outsourcing, and the relatively lower cost of international human resources in developing third world countries led to a massive migration of software development activities from corporations in North America and Europe to India and later: China, Russia, and other developing countries.

Jamestown was lighted for the first time in 1888, the initial cost being born by the inhabitants.

The combination of high initial cost and lower maintenance cost pushed producers into building these techniques into the basic concept of a series, influencing all the artistic choices.

Besides the cost of ameliorating damaged areas and the loss of at least part of the initial investment in them, salinization and chemicalization of land have reduced agricultural productivity in Central Asia by an estimated 20 to 25 %.

The initial run of titles was printed at low cost with black ink on various colored papers to distinguish the various titles ( the main rules were on pink paper, the kung-fu rules were on yellow, and so on ).

However, C language programming is much easier to obtain skilled people in, so most if not all new development is done in C. Since z / TPF allows assembler programs to be repackaged into 1 logical file, critical legacy applications can be maintained and actually improve efficiency-the cost of entering one of these programs will now come at the initial enter when the entire program is fetched into core and logical flow through the program is accomplished via simple branch instructions, instead of a dozen or so IBM instructions previously needed to perform what is known as ' core resident enter / back '.

The increase in efficiency can save considerable energy, and hence money, in a large heavily loaded transformer ; the trade-off is in the additional initial and running cost of the superconducting design.