While it is well known that Leonin composed a great deal of organum, it was the innovations of Perotin, who spent much of his time revising the organum purum of Leonin, that caused generations of organum and motet composers to exploit the principles of the rhythmic modes.

The 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo are often said to mark the re-emergence of Japan in the international arena: Japan's postwar development was showcased through innovations such as the Shinkansen high speed rail network.

It cannot be said, however, that Ramus's innovations mark any epoch in the history of logic, and there is little ground for his claim to supersede Aristotle by an independent system of logic.

Albert played an essential role in the diffusion throughout Italy and central Europe of Parisian ideas which bore the mark of Buridan's teachings, but which were also clearly shaped by Albert's own grasp of English innovations.

The Bluetooth Innovation World Cup, a marketing initiative of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group ( SIG ), is an international competition encouraging the development of innovations for applications leveraging the Bluetooth low energy wireless technology in sports, fitness and health care products.

Economic development, widespread beautification innovations, various tax incentives, and increased law enforcement have helped Columbus overcome what some considered a slump during the 1980s and 1990s.

Dayton also plays host to significant research and development in fields like industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations.

Perhaps first among the important methodological innovations of educational psychology was the development and application of factor analysis by Charles Spearman.

One of the innovations to result from the aerial warfare experience this conflict provided was the development of the " finger-four " formation by the German pilot Werner Mölders.

Lee used sequencers early in their development and has continued to use similar innovations as they have developed over the years.

Gilbert and Sullivan introduced innovations in content and form that directly influenced the development of musical theatre through the 20th century.

Its highest development took place under Shaka, initiator of several important organizational, weapons and tactical innovations.

Among other innovations during his career as Marine Corps commandant, Jones oversaw the Marine Corps ' development of MARPAT camouflage uniforms, and the adoption of the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program ( MCMAP ).

Many innovations and technical refinements have been made in printing processes and presses over the years, including the development of presses with multiple units ( each containing one printing plate ) that can print multi-color images in one pass on both sides of the sheet, and presses that accommodate continuous rolls ( webs ) of paper, known as web presses.

The growing movement in art paralleled developments in physics, such as Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity ( 1905 ); innovations in industry, such as the development of the internal combustion engine ; and the increased role of the social sciences in public policy.

The invention of the piston and rotary valve by Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blühmel, both Silesians, in 1815, was the first in a series of innovations, including the development of modern keywork for the flute by Theobald Boehm and the innovations of Adolphe Sax in the woodwinds.

The growth of suburbs was facilitated by the development of zoning laws, redlining and numerous innovations in transport.

There were many notable innovations during the Tang, including the development of woodblock printing.

Some of these innovations include a more frequent use of modality, the exploration of non-western scales, the development of atonality, the wider acceptance of dissonances, the invention of the twelve-tone technique of composition and the use of polyrhythms and complex time signatures.

* 1000 – The Arab Empire introduced agricultural innovations such as new forms of land tenure, improvements in irrigation, a variety of sophisticated irrigation methods, the introduction of fertilizers and widespread artificial irrigation systems, the development of gravity-flow irrigation systems from rivers and springs, the use of noria and chain pumps for irrigation purposes, the establishment of the sugar cane industry in the Mediterranean, and experimentation in sugar cultivation

With the development of these technological innovations neuroscientists became interested in this type of research that combines sophisticated experimental paradigms from cognitive psychology with these new brain imaging techniques.

Though his first Italian visit is recognized as a crucial chapter in the development of Velázquez's style – and in the history of Spanish Royal Patronage, since Philip IV sponsored his trip – we know rather little about the details and specifics: what the painter saw, whom he met, how he was perceived and what innovations he hoped to introduce into his painting.

These innovations allowed the development of the first robots capable of animal-like speeds.

Two key innovations in the development of the modern music video were the development of relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use video recording and editing equipment, and the development of visual effects created with techniques such as image compositing.

This World Network is more than a listing -- biosphere reserves exchange knowledge and experiences on sustainable development innovations across national and continental borders -- they exist in more than 100 countries all across the world.

Innovation by businesses is achieved in many ways, with much attention now given to formal research and development ( R & D ) for " breakthrough innovations.

At the end of the 1920s, the carnival samba of blocks of the districts Estácio de Sá and Osvaldo Cruz was born, and in the hills of Mangueira, Salgueiro, and São Carlos, there were innovations in rhythmic samba that persist until the present day.

Some of these comments may have arisen as a result of inadequate rehearsal time and unfamiliarity with Tippett's rhythmic innovations.

Although a work of great intricacy and virtuosity that doesn't ignore Salonen's Modernist training, " LA Variations " builds on rhythmic innovations closer to Adams.

These innovations are grounded in the forms of Gregorian Chant, and adhere to the theoretical rhythmic systems of St. Augustine.

While his authorship and the very existence of this treatise have recently come into question, a handful of his musical works do survive and show the innovations in musical notation, particularly mensural and rhythmic, with which he was credited within a century of their inception.

In music, the term " modernism " refers generally to the period of change and development in musical language that occurred at or around the turn of the 20th century, a period of diverse reactions in challenging and reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that lead to new ways of organizing and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music, and changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of modernism in the arts of the time.

From a literary and linguistic viewpoint, these hymns represent important innovations ; they turn away from Greek prosody and instead seem to have been based on the rhythmic marching songs of Roman armies.

Drawing on some of the free-harmonic and-rhythmic innovations developed on Eric Dolphy's Out to Lunch ( on which Hutcherson played ), he began to develop a complex contrapuntal style that involved parallel melodies rather than unisons and complex rhythmic patterns which he conceived ... as focal points round which the musicians operated.

His innovations in notation of time-values were fundamental to the music of the Italian ars nova, as was his work on defining the modes and refining tuning.

Other innovations with better claims to musical interest survived rehearing to acquire in time the status of classics.

Jet -- which I coupled with the Deerstalker carbine as one of the year's two biggest developments -- few significant innovations appeared among 1961's handguns.

Similarly, the innovations of bop, and of Parker particularly, have been vastly overrated by people unfamiliar with music, especially by that ignoramus, the intellectual jitterbug, the jazz aficionado.

One of his innovations was to see to it that every man -- cook and clerk as well as rifleman -- qualified with every weapon in the troop.

Despite this, Babbage's work fell into historical obscurity and the Analytical Engine was unknown to builders of electro-mechanical and electronic computing machines in the 1930s and 1940s when they began their work, resulting in the need to re-invent many of the architectural innovations Babbage had proposed.

Franciszek Bujak ( 1875 – 1953 ) and Jan Rutkowski ( 1886 – 1949 ), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych ( 1931 – ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school.

The ABC innovations included electronic computation, binary arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative capacitor memory, and a separation of memory and computing functions.

Agathon introduced certain innovations into the Greek theater: Aristotle tells us in the Poetics that the characters and plot of his Anthos were original and not, following Athenian dramatic orthodoxy, borrowed from mythological subjects.

Characteristically, all of Alfred's innovations were firmly rooted in traditional West Saxon practice, drawing as they did upon the three so-called ‘ common burdens ' of bridge work, fortress repair and service on the king's campaigns that all holders of bookland and royal loanland owed the Crown.

" The Brothers Amati ", as they were known, implemented far-reaching innovations in design, including the perfection of the shape of the f-holes.

One of his two great innovations was in the cheap and efficient mass production of steel by adopting and adapting the Bessemer process for steel making.

The war brought many innovations to aviation, including the first jet aircraft and the first liquid-fueled rockets.

Since the 1960s, composite airframes and quieter, more efficient engines have become available, and Concorde provided supersonic passenger service for more than two decades, but the most important lasting innovations have taken place in instrumentation and control.

This academic initiative, named the Acadia Advantage, integrated the use of notebook computers into the undergraduate curriculum and featured innovations in teaching.

Although Dürer made no innovations in these areas, he is notable as the first Northern European to treat matters of visual representation in a scientific way, and with understanding of Euclidean principles.

Don Redman made significant innovations in the pattern of arrangement in Fletcher Henderson's orchestra in the 1920s.

He succeeded in imposing an organized government upon the fiercest and most unruly population in Asia ; he availed himself of European inventions for strengthening his armament, while he sternly set his face against all innovations which, like Railways and Telegraphs, might give Europeans a foothold within his country.

Many of the SIGs, like SIGGRAPH, SIGPLAN, SIGCSE and SIGCOMM, sponsor regular conferences which have become famous as the dominant venue for presenting innovations in certain fields.

The European brass industry continued to flourish into the post medieval period buoyed by innovations such as the 16th century introduction of water powered hammers for the production of battery wares.

During the 18th century there were many innovations in the design of timber bridges by Hans Ulrich, Johannes Grubenmann, and others.

Towards the early 1990s, the BBS industry became so popular that it spawned three monthly magazines, Boardwatch, BBS Magazine, and in Asia and Australia, Chips ' n Bits Magazine which devoted extensive coverage of the software and technology innovations and people behind them, and listings to US and worldwide BBSes.

The design innovations commonly associated with Gropius and the Bauhaus — the radically simplified forms, the rationality and functionality, and the idea that mass-production was reconcilable with the individual artistic spirit — were already partly developed in Germany before the Bauhaus was founded.

Further innovations increased comfort and ushered in a second bicycle craze, the 1890s ' Golden Age of Bicycles.

These innovations have continued with the advent of modern materials and computer-aided design, allowing for a proliferation of specialized bicycle types.