In some cases, the term admiralty is used in a wider sense, as meaning sea power or rule over the seas, rather than in strict reference to the institution exercising such power.

Named for William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth — an important supporter of Eleazar Wheelock's earlier efforts but who, in fact, opposed creation of the College and never donated to it — Dartmouth is the nation's ninth oldest college and the last institution of higher learning established under Colonial rule.

# Every type of state is a powerful institution of the ruling class ; the state is an instrument which one class uses to secure its rule and enforce its preferred production relations ( and its exploitation ) onto society.

The objective in setting up the institution that was to challenge the British rule over education by offering education to the masses ' on national lines and under national control '.

In United States v. Calandra,, the Supreme Court ruled that grand juries may use allegedly illegally obtained evidence in questioning witnesses because " the damage to that institution from the unprecedented extension of the exclusionary rule outweighs the benefit of any possible incremental deterrent effect.

However, McCloskey asks, what about the rule “ punish an innocent person when and only when to do so is not to weaken the existing institution of punishment and when the consequences of doing so are valuable ”?

* May 25 – India announces the institution of diplomatic relations with Spain ( still under Franco's rule )

The principal objective of the Oxford Movement was the defence of the Church of England as a divinely-founded institution, of the doctrine of the Apostolic Succession and of the Book of Common Prayer as a " rule of faith ".

A court is a form of tribunal, often a governmental institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

There was also a philosophical college for Franciscan novices-the first such institution in Slavonia since Ottoman rule.

Although a western-style legal institution and rule of law remain to be put in place, Hu's power succession was conducted in a fairly orderly and civil manner, which was unprecedented in Communist China's history.

The rule of discriminative hierarchical caste order was deeply entrenched in the social system and was supported by the government which had transformed this caste-based social system into a religious institution.

Under the Spanish rule, Corregidor served not only as a fortress of defense, a penal institution, and a station for Customs inspection, but also as a signal outpost to warn Manila of the approach of hostile ships.

In turn, there are three goals of the order: 1 ) the abolition of monarchy and the institution of rule by a philosophical elect, 2 ) reformation of science, philosophy, and ethics, and 3 ) discovery of the Panacea.

Thus the ancient institution of the levirate marriage fell into disuse, so that at present Halizah is the general rule and marriage the rare exception ( Shulkhan Arukh, Eben ha -' Ezer, 165, and commentaries ).

It is the role of the Court of Justice to rule, in accordance with the Treaties, on cases brought by a member state, a European Union institution or a legal person.

Since 1980 and the institution of a majority African government, the area has been renamed Zimbabwe and all traces of former British, Rhodesian, and white rule, laws, property, and nomenclature have been removed as part of President Robert Mugabe's policy of Africanization.

They therefore transformed the institution of the kingship into an imperial one, and sought to bring vast amounts of territory under their direct rule.

Instead of workers ' councils, the Bolsheviks had instituted the rule of their party, which in Pannekoek's view is what led to the institution of the Bolsheviks as a new ruling class.

However J. P .’ s being part of the nationalist movement against the British rule in India left the college being funded by the British Government and joined the Bihar Vidyapith, a tertiary institution set up by Bihar Congress for all non-co-operation students.

It is often said that he transformed the bakufu from a military to a civilian institution, which was already in the making during the rule of Ietsuna and Tsunayoshi.

Although a Boyar Duma had existed in Russia from Muscovite times until the rule of Peter I, it was an advisory institution, without legislative prerogatives.

Nevertheless, the two years of Carlisle's rule passed in quietness and prosperity, and the institution of a national bank and other measures which he effected left permanently beneficial results upon the commerce of the island.

Tawaifs were the influential female elite, were largely a North Indian institution that became prominent during the weakening of the Mughal rule in the mid-18th century.

The establishment of the church as an institution recognized by worldly rulers is also visible in legal history.

The role of atonement is reflected structurally in two-part division of the book: chapters 1 – 16 call for the establishment of the institution for atonement, and chapters 17 – 27 call for the life of the atoned community in holiness.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

While he doubts this is so, he nonetheless states: “ In his unrelated state, man has a natural right to his property, to his character, to liberty, and to safety .” James Wilson asks whether “ the primary and principal object in the institution of government … was … to acquire new rights by human establishment?

Lovett called for the establishment of a university " of the highest grade ," " an institution of liberal and technical learning " devoted " quite as much investigation as to instruction.

Fredrick agreed to the establishment of an institution that he had earlier believed might encourage political-separatist tendencies.

Bentham is widely associated with the foundation in 1826 of the University of London ( the institution which in 1836 became University College London ), though he was 78 years old when the University opened and played only an indirect role in its establishment.

The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution and in Canada became a Canadian, or " domesticated ", establishment, though it is still often denoted as " British " in both legal and common language, for reasons historical, political, and of convenience.

The establishment of Ohio University in Athens would mark the first federal endowment of an educational institution in the United States.

The original charter specified the establishment both of the college, and of an institution called the Queen's College Grammar School, intended to be a preparatory school affiliated and governed by the college.

* The Bright Star, a restaurant and local institution located in downtown Bessemer, is billed as the state's oldest continuously-operated eating establishment.

With the expansion of the city, the need for a university saw the establishment of Columbus College, a two-year institution which would later grow into Columbus State University, now a comprehensive center of higher learning.

Some of their most prominent reforms are trust-busting ( the destruction and banning of monopolies ), the creation of laws protecting the American consumer, the creation of a federal income tax ( by the Sixteenth Amendment ; the income tax used a progressive tax structure with especially high taxes on the wealthy ), the establishment of the Federal Reserve, and the institution of shorter working hours, higher wages, better living conditions, better rights and privileges to trade unions, protection of rights of strikers, banning of unfair labor practices, and the delivery of more social services to the working classes and social safety nets to many unemployed workers, thus helping to facilitate the creation of a welfare state in the United States and eventually in most developed countries.

She was scornful of the elitist nature of some elements of the institution, branding the Oxford Union " that cadet class of the establishment ".

By 1979, with the establishment of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies ( FARMS ) as a California non-profit research institution, an effort led by Robert F. Smith began to take full account of Larson ’ s work and to publish a Critical Text of the Book of Mormon.

Despite being a short-lived administration, Katayama's government was responsible for the enactment of a wide range of progressive social reforms, such as the establishment of Japans first Labour Ministry, an Unemployment Compensation Act and an Unemployment Insurance Act, and the overhaul revision of the Civil Code, whose section on the family institution was completely rewritten ( to provide, for instance the eldest son a greater inheritance share ).

The Popular Unity platform included the nationalization of U. S. interests in Chile's major copper mines, the advancement of workers ' rights, deepening of the Chilean land reform, reorganization of the national economy into socialized, mixed, and private sectors, a foreign policy of " international solidarity " and national independence and a new institutional order ( the " people's state " or " poder popular "), including the institution of a unicameral congress.

Hand in hand with the Council of Nuremberg he worked for the institution of a church visitation on the model of that of the Electorate of Saxony, from which after repeated revisions and emendations the excellent church order of Brandenburg-Nuremberg of 1533 was developed.

Of notable significance was the emergence of the League of Nations following World War One, designed as an institution to foster collective security in order to sustain peace.

Authors are in disagreement as to when exactly the games were first instituted: Aristotle is said to have ranked the Lykaion games fourth in order of institution after the Eleusinia, the Panathenaia, and the Argive games, while Pausanias argues for the Lykaian competition ’ s priority to the Panathenaia.

In the 1946 with decree Liutenant one ( Umberto II of Savoia ) the new Municipality of Apuania was melted and the province ( for error and / or historical ignorance ) resumptions the denomination does not date from 1859 when it was " Massa and Carrara " but Massa ( name with which it came designated to the city of Massa or Massa of Carrara from 1700 until Kingdom of Italy ( 1860 ), denomination that, in order to distinguish it from the other homonymous cities, the chief town continued till the institution of the unified Municipality of Apuania ) and with same the decree liutenant were placed to Massa.

Though a congregation of bishops assembled at Paris in December 1761 recommended no action, Louis XV of France ( 1715 – 74 ) promulgated a royal order permitting the Society to remain in the kingdom, with the proviso that certain essentially liberalising changes in their institution satisfy the Parlement with a French Jesuit vicar-general who should be independent of the general in Rome.

For example, in order to become a fully qualified teaching professional in Hong Kong working in a state or government-funded school, one needs to have successfully completed a Postgraduate Diploma in Education (" PGDE ") or a Bachelor's degree in Education (" BEd ") at an approved tertiary educational institution or university.

Franco Basaglia, a leading Italian psychiatrist who inspired and was the architect of the psychiatric reform in Italy, also defined mental hospital as an oppressive, locked and total institution in which prison-like, punitive rules are applied, in order to gradually eliminate its own contents, and patients, doctors and nurses are all subjected ( at different levels ) to the same process of institutionalism.

He had hoped that Laud would help to impose order on what was, Ussher accepted, a somewhat mismanaged institution.

In social studies, a Political Ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.

The chapter naming convention is composed of the top level subnational division of that chapter's host institution, and a Greek letter in alphabetical order from when the charter was originally issued.

This institution was cancelled in England with the enactment of " Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act " of 1753, which required that, in order to be valid and registered, all marriages were to be performed in an official ceremony in a religious setting recognised by the state, i. e. Church of England, the Quakers, or in a Jewish ceremony.

In a few instances, the term chancellor is used for a student or faculty member within a high school or an institution of higher learning being either appointed or elected as chancellor in order to preside on the highest ranking judicial board or tribunal.

Both commissions are identical in membership, thus actually forming one identical institution under two different names ( called ), in order to fit in both state government and party systems.

Within an institution the officials of that institution are likely to rank much higher in the order than in a general order of precedence-the chancellor or president of a university may well precede anyone except a head of state for example.

Membership in the CFG is not a requirement for receiving resources, but an investigator's institution must endorse the CFG's data sharing agreement in order to complete the resource request process.

It is taken by young adults ( usually aged 18 or 19 ) at the end of their secondary education, and generally must be passed in order to apply to a university or other institution of higher education.

To this regard, the Bar Council of India prescribes the minimum curriculum required to be taught in order for an institution to be eligible for the grant of a law degree.

Moreover, ING Bank ’ s Trade and Commodity Finance business at its Wholesale Banking branch in the Netherlands routed payments made on behalf of U. S .- sanctioned Cuban clients through other corporate clients to obscure the sanctioned clients ’ identities and its Romanian branch omitted details from a letter of credit involving a U. S. financial institution in order to finance the exportation of U. S .- origin goods to Iran.