It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

Hedonism, for example, teaches that this feeling is pleasure — either one's own, as in egoism ( the 17th-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ), or everyone's, as in universalistic hedonism, or utilitarianism ( the 19th-century English philosophers Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Henry Sidgwick ), with its formula of the " greatest pleasure of the greatest number.

Jeremy Bentham, who is regarded as the founder of utilitarianism, argues that animals can experience pleasure and pain, thus demanding that ' non-human animals ' should be a serious object of moral concern.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Jeremy Bentham, Florence Nightingale and even Queen Victoria are reputed to have stayed there, although there is no real evidence for this.

In A Fragment on Government Bentham says ‘ it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong ’ and describes this as a fundamental axiom.

His statement of the Ethic of Reciprocity as the foundation of ethics is the earliest in Ancient Greece, and he differs from the formulation of utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill by emphasizing the minimization of harm to oneself and others as the way to maximize happiness.

Historically, utilitarian thinking about law is associated with the great philosopher, Jeremy Bentham.

Moralists Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant both indicated the is – ought problem in order to identify their theories of morality and law.

Bentham, in discussing the relations of law and morality, found that when people discuss problems and issues they talk about how they wish it would be as opposed to how it actually is.

Historically, utilitarian thinking about law is associated with the great philosopher, Jeremy Bentham.

In A Fragment on Government Bentham says ‘ it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong ’ and describes this as a fundamental axiom.

Although utilitarianism is usually thought to start with Jeremy Bentham there were earlier writers who presented theories that were strikingly similar.

It is possible that Bentham was spurred on to publish after he saw the success of Paley ’ s The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy.

Bentham contends that there is nothing novel or unwarranted about his method for “ in all this there is nothing but what the practice of mankind, wheresoever they have a clear view of their own interest, is perfectly conformable to .”

Rosen warns that descriptions of utilitarianism can bear “ little resemblance historically to utilitarians like Bentham and J. S. Mill ” and can be more “ a crude version of act utilitarianism conceived in the twentieth century as a straw man to be attacked and rejected .” It is a mistake to think that Bentham is not concerned with rules.

His seminal work is concerned with the principles of legislation and the hedonic calculus is introduced with the words “ Pleasures then, and the avoidance of pains, are the ends that the legislator has in view .” In Chapter VII Bentham says, “ The business of government is to promote the happiness of the society, by punishing and rewarding … In proportion as an act tends to disturb that happiness, in proportion as the tendency of it is pernicious, will be the demand it creates for punishment .”

Bentham is widely regarded as one of the earliest proponents of animal rights, and has even been hailed as " the first patron saint of animal rights ".

Bentham conceived the basic plan as being equally applicable to hospitals, schools, poorhouses, daycares, and madhouses, but he devoted most of his efforts to developing a design for a Panopticon prison, and it is his prison which is most widely understood by the term.

Together with the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, he developed the road and pathway system and delineated the collection areas by family and genus, following the then-current and widely accepted classification system of Bentham and Hooker.

Instead, Bentham is calling upon legislators to measure the pleasures and pains associated with any legislation and to form laws in order to create the greatest good for the greatest number.

In summary, Jeremy Bentham states that people are driven by their interests and their fears, but their interests take precedence over their fears, and their interests are carried out in accordance with how people view the consequences that might be involved with their interests.

Bentham was an early and staunch supporter of the utilitarian concept ( along with Hume ), an avid prison reformer, advocate for democracy, and strongly atheist.

( In England, economists tended to conceptualize utility in keeping with the Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and later of John Stuart Mill.

Similarly, Hare refers to “ the crude caricature of act utilitarianism which is the only version of it that many philosophers seem to be acquainted with .” Given what Bentham says about second order evils it would be a serious misrepresentation to say that he and similar act utilitarians would be prepared to punish an innocent person for the greater good.

The former view is the one adopted by Bentham and Mill, and ( I believe ) by the Utilitarian school generally: and is obviously most in accordance with the universality that is characteristic of their principle ... it seems arbitrary and unreasonable to exclude from the end, as so conceived, any pleasure of any sentient being.

The claim for the women's vote appears to have been first made by Jeremy Bentham in 1817 when he published his Plan of Parliamentary Reform in the form of a Catechism and was taken up by William Thompson in 1825, when he published, with Anna Wheeler, An Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil and Domestic Slavery: In Reply to Mr. Mill's Celebrated Article on Government.

He had one surviving sibling, Samuel Bentham, with whom he shared a close bond.

Bentham was in correspondence with many influential people.

In 1823, he co-founded the Westminster Review with James Mill as a journal for the " Philosophical Radicals " a group of younger disciples through whom Bentham exerted considerable influence in British public life.

Instead of suppressing the evil acts, Bentham is arguing that certain unnecessary laws and punishments could ultimately lead to new and more dangerous vices than those being punished to begin with.

Bentham follows these statements with explanations on how antiquity, religion, reproach of innovation, metaphor, fiction, fancy, antipathy and sympathy, begging the question, and imaginary law are not justification for the creation of legislature.

" The essay chastises the society of the time for making a disproportionate response to what Bentham appears to consider a largely private offence – public displays or forced acts being dealt with rightly by other laws.

Bentham disagreed with Blackstone's defence of judge-made law, his defence of legal fictions, his theological formulation of the doctrine of mixed government, his appeal to a social contract and his use of the vocabulary of natural law.

In 1959, the Bentham Committee was established under the auspices of University College London with the aim of producing a definitive edition of Bentham's writings.

* John Stuart Mill: A utilitarian, and the person who named the system ; he goes further than Bentham by laying the foundation for liberal democratic thought in general and modern, as opposed to classical, liberalism in particular.

Bentham has been described as the " spiritual founder " of University College London, though he played little direct part in its foundation.

The Flaxman Gallery at University College London, showing Henry Tonks's imaginary scene of Bentham approving the plans of the university buildings.

Bentham and his ideas can nonetheless be seen as having inspired several of the actual founders of the University.

Transcribe Bentham is an award-winning crowdsourced manuscript transcription project, run by University College London's Bentham Project, in partnership with UCL's UCL Centre for Digital Humanities, UCL Library Services, UCL Learning and Media Services, the University of London Computer Centre, and the online community.

* The Bentham Project at University College London.

* Miriam Williford, Jeremy Bentham on Spanish America ( Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980 )

This move led to widespread student protests taking place in November and December 2010, during which demonstrators occupied the central Jeremy Bentham Room in University College London ( UCL ) for several weeks.

His incunabula, manuscripts, papers of the Brougham family, and Jeremy Bentham collection were purchased by University College London.

Continuing on the long tradition of dissenting academies, the University of London had been inspired by the work of Jeremy Bentham and others to provide opportunities for higher education for men regardless of religious beliefs ( if any )-at the time, only members of the established Church could study at Cambridge and Oxford ( the only other two universities in England at the time ).

* Tom O ' Neill, Viterbo University, 2005 Fulbright – Hays Seminar Abroad, Tall Poppy Syndrome: Bentham ’ s Utilitarianism in Australia

He served as President of the Bentham Club at University College London in 1991.

" Printed by Joseph Bentham, Printer to the University ; for Charles Bathurst, at the Cross-Keys, opposite St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet-Street, London ", 1762 – 1766.

25 – 26 ) " Printed by Joseph Bentham by John Archdeacon, Printer to the University ; for Charles Bathurst, at the Cross-Keys, opposite St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet-Street, London ", 1763 – 1764 .( Vols.