Chris Matthew Sciabarra discusses Rand's ideas and theorizes about their intellectual origins in Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical ( 1995 ).

Du Bois: The origins of a bitter intellectual battle ," The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education ( 46 ) ( Winter, 2004 ) in JSTOR

The origins of Maoism stem not from Marxist writings alone, but also from the modern Chinese intellectual tradition in which Mao was raised.

It is an employee-owned, private company, headquartered in San Francisco, California whose origins were from the purchase of the intellectual property of Werner Erhard, who developed the est training.

As an indication of the popular and intellectual origins of recent Chinese nationalist sentiment, all coauthors of China Can Say No, the first in a string of defiant rebuttals to American imperialism, are college educated, and most are self-employed ( a freelancer, a fruit-stand owner, a poet, and journalists working in the partly market-driven field of Chinese newspapers, periodicals, and television stations ).

Among certain jurists and historians of legal process it has been seen as the recording of the evolution of laws and the technical explanation of how these laws have evolved with the view of better understanding the origins of various legal concepts, some consider it a branch of intellectual history.

Although the intellectual origins of the Critical Legal Studies ( CLS ) can be generally traced to American Legal Realism, as a distinct scholarly movement CLS fully emerged only in the late 1970s.

Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval ; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century.

During this period, he perceived the East Coast Jewish origins of the majority of the movement there ( Culture of Critique, p. 104 ), which motivated his interest in Jewish intellectual movements.

“ Arkhitektura i mnimosti ”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition ”, a dissertation in architecture, University of Pennsylvania

Booth detailed three " Types of Literary Interest " that are " available for technical manipulation in fiction ":( 1 ) Intellectual or cognitive: We have, or can be made to have, strong intellectual curiosity about " the facts ," the true interpretation, the true reasons, the true origins, the true motives, or the truth about life itself.

Its origins date to the late 1980s, and it is believed to have essentially subsumed the trading positions and intellectual property of James Ax's Axcom Trading Advisors after that company's dissolution in 1992.

* Elizabeth C. English, “ Arkhitektura i mnimosti ”: The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition ”, a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.

In the Western tradition high culture has historical origins in the intellectual and aesthetic ideals of ancient Greece and Rome.

The original essay was part of an ongoing intellectual discussion at the end of the 18th century regarding the origins of poverty.

The Historikerstreit (" historians ' quarrel ") was an intellectual and political controversy in the late 1980s in West Germany about the comparison of the crimes of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, including their origins.

< li > that systems of belief — be they secular or religious — make the world a better place only when they promote the dignity of all human beings, inspiring us to be open to people of different intellectual capacities, social origins, races, religions, and cultures .</ li >

It has been claimed the origins of the movement emanate from the teachings of the Cambridge University professor and intellectual Desiderius Erasmus.

Abolitionist sentiment grew again, as, with the Foster and Black cases, there was perceptible anxiety about the failure of " deterrence " value in the context of violent homicides, and whether Te Whiu should have been convicted of manslaughter instead, due to his dysfunctional family origins and limited intellectual capabilities.

# It is superficial in that it focuses on how the immediate needs, interests, problems and solutions of chosen social groups influence technological choice, but disregards any possible deeper cultural, intellectual or economic origins of social choices concerning technology.

The intellectual origins of the idea of fuzzy logic have been traced to a diversity of famous and less wellknown thinkers including Plato, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jan Łukasiewicz, Stanisław Jaśkowski and Donald Knuth.

The foundation of the university was the result of a long intellectual tradition which dates back to the origins of the Bishopric of Liège.

These represent the most intellectual type of chamber-music of their period, and it is to be regretted that they have remained almost entirely in manuscript, since a careful study of them is indispensable to anyone who wishes to form an adequate idea of Scarlatti's development.

It is a form of intellectual property ( like the patent, the trademark, and the trade secret ) applicable to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete.

Bonaventure ( 1221 – 1274 ), one of Aquinas ' fiercest intellectual opponents, offered some of the strongest arguments in favour of the Platonic idea of the mind.

In an 1818 collection of his writings, the French liberal theorist, Benjamin Constant, argued against the recently introduced idea of " property which has been called intellectual.

Lokeans argument for intellectual property is based upon the idea that laborers have the right to control that which they create.

Utilitarians argue that without intellectual property there would be a lack of incentive to produce new idea.

In Poland, the rough equivalent of this term is " coffee shop revolutionist " meaning a journalist, poet or any other intellectual who criticizes capitalism and free market mechanisms in his / her publications, but has generally weak understanding of economy because of living in the ivory tower of salon life, so he / she has no idea about the real life of the poor.

Thus, when he began to develop his theory of physical education, he naturally looked to the example set by the Athenian idea of the gymnasium, a training facility that simultaneously encouraged physical and intellectual development.

The idea that some languages were naturally superior to others and that the use of primitive languages maintained their speakers in intellectual poverty was widespread in the early 20th century.

However, the intellectual circle around the philologist Matija Čop and the Romantic poet France Prešeren was influential in affirming the idea of Slovene linguistic and cultural individuality, refusing the idea of merging the Slovenes into a wider Slavic nation.

Thus the idea of an intellectual or scientific revolution following the Renaissance is — according to the continuity thesis — a myth.

St. Bonaventure ( also 13th century ) was one of Aquinas ' fiercest intellectual opponents, offering some of the strongest arguments towards the Platonic idea of the mind.

Many of those whom subsequent centuries term evolutionary biologists read him, notably Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, for each of whom Malthusianism became an intellectual stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection.

Leary promulgated the idea of such substances as a panacea, while Huxley suggested that only the cultural and intellectual elite should partake of entheogens systematically.

If a company's value is based on its technology, it is often equally important for the business owners to obtain intellectual property protection for their idea.

Recently, Sue Parker Hall has challenged this idea ; she conceptualizes anger as a positive, pure and constructive emotion, that is always respectful of others ; it is only ever used to protect the self on physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual dimensions in relationships.

The idea for a library was developed in 1889 by five women from Tryon with the goal of being " the source of intellectual and cultural stimulation for the community ", achieved through library membership to local women.

Believing society would be better for it, Raskolnikov commits murder with the idea that he possessed enough intellectual and emotional fortitude to deal with the ramifications, on his paper / thesis, " On Crime ", that he is a Napoleon, but his sense of guilt soon overwhelms him to the point of psychological and somatic illness.

The idea to learn Hasidic mystical texts with similar logical profundity, derives from the unique approach in the works of the Rebbes of Chabad, initiated by its founder Schneur Zalman of Liadi, to systematically investigate and articulate the " Torah of the Baal Shem Tov " in intellectual forms.

The kollel idea, though having its intellectual roots traced to the Torah, is a relatively modern innovation of 19th century Europe.

The Earl of Rochester, real-life Restoration rake, courtier and poet, is flatteringly portrayed in Etherege's The Man of Mode ( 1676 ) as a riotous, witty, intellectual, and sexually irresistible aristocrat, a template for posterity's idea of the glamorous Restoration rake ( actually never a very common character in Restoration comedy ).

The idea of cultural cringe was defined by Australian sociologists Brian Head and James Walter as the belief that one's own country occupies a " subordinate cultural place on the periphery ", and that " intellectual standards are set and innovations occur elsewhere ".

As historian John Sellars puts it, Epictetus " affirmed the philosopher's beard as something almost sacred ... to express the idea that philosophy is no mere intellectual hobby but rather a way of life that, by definition, transforms every aspect of one's behavior, including one's shaving habits.

In these early exchanges and in the parallel debate over the proper understanding of Wittgenstein's remarks on rule-following, some of McDowell's characteristic intellectual stances were formed: to borrow a Wittgensteinian expression, the defence of a realism without empiricism, an emphasis on the human limits of our aspiration to objectivity, the idea that meaning and mind can be directly manifested in the action, particularly linguistic action, of other people, and a distinctive disjunctive theory of perceptual experience.