When Zahir Shah took power in 1933 Kabul had the only 6 miles of rail in the country, few internal telegraph or phone lines and few roads.

The institutional power of the National Guard grew in most government owned enterprises, until eventually it controlled the national radio and telegraph networks, the postal and immigration services, health services, the internal revenue service, and the national railroads.

Landes ( 2003 ) stresses the importance of new technologies, especially electricity, the internal combustion engine, new materials and substances, including alloys and chemicals, and communication technologies such as the telegraph and radio.

It is a short romance which follows the typical utopian forecasting of life and society in the future, which was common at the end of the 19th century in the Western countries, so enthused with the fantastic and exceedingly rapid new conquests of science and technology brought about by the Industrial Revolution and new forms of energy, such as electricity, and the plethora of inventions such as the telegraph, the telephone, the electric light, the phonograph, steam, internal combustion and electric engines, etc.

# All internal and international communications to be cut off, including telephone, television, radio and telegraph.

Domestic: Modern internal telephone system

Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.

where dU is the change in the internal energy of the system and δW is work done

The change in internal energy of a system, measured from state 1 to state 2, is equal to

The " dual boot mode " BIOS actually discovered whether a TRS-DOS, or Aster CP / M disk was placed in the drive, and would, depending on the type of disk, reorganise the internal memory architecture of the system, to either be 100 % TRS-80 compatible or optimally support CP / M, with as much " workspace " as possible, and the 80x25 video mode.

This accompanied or facilitated other important evolutionary developments: the bilaterian body plan ; the coelom, an internal cavity that provided space for a circulatory system and, in some animals, formed a hydrostatic skeleton which enables worm-like animals to burrow ; metamerism, in which the body was built of repeated " modules " which could later specialize, for example the heads of most arthropods are composed of fused, specialized segments.

They quickly became the Achilles ' heel of the system because of their combination of an overly complex mechanical design with a very low-cost internal flex circuit system.

: Alpha testing takes place at developers ' sites, and involves testing of the operational system by internal staff, before it is released to external customers.

The human body mostly consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs, as well as numerous internal organ groups such as respiratory, circulatory and a central nervous system.

* RPM – The RPM Package Manager uses Berkeley DB to retain its internal database of packages installed on a system

It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary.

The failure of the system to catch on in North America was partly because of its internal deficiencies but also because the Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress systems were already well established.

A colloidal system consists of two separate phases: a dispersed phase ( or internal phase ) and a continuous phase ( or dispersion medium ) in which the colloid is dispersed.

The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating evolution of modern European civil law traditions.

However, many common modern bus systems can be used for both ; SATA and the associated eSATA are one example of a system that would formerly be described as internal, while in certain automotive applications use the primarily external IEEE 1394 in a fashion more similar to a system bus.

Internal bus, also known as internal data bus, memory bus or system bus or front-Side-Bus, connects all the internal components of a computer, such as CPU and memory, to the motherboard.

Even though each 1541 had its own on board disk controller and disk operating system, it was not possible for a user to command two 1541 drives to copy a disk ( one drive reading and the other writing ) as with older dual drives like the 4040 and 8050 that were often found with the PET computer, and which the 1541 was backward compatible to ( it could read 4040 disks but not write to them since its internal Operating System was essentially the same ).

This flag is useful for critical information that must not be modified or erased, such as special files that are used only by internal parts of the computer system.

* Conjugate variables ( thermodynamics ), the internal energy of a system

As Gorbachev had weakened the system of internal political repression, the ability of the USSR's central Moscow government to impose its will on the USSR's constituent republics had been largely undermined.

Rather, it is a conceptual system possessing internal necessity that can only be so and by no means otherwise.

Rather, it is a conceptual system possessing internal necessity that can only be so and by no means otherwise.

In late 1957 the M.P. ( Mouvement Populaire ) appeared and in the spring of 1958 the internal strains of the Istiqlal was revealed when the third Council of Government under Balafrej was formed without support from progressive elements in the party.

The Istiqlal found that the spontaneous solidarity of the independence struggle was not easily transposed to the more concrete, precise problems of internal politics.

An internal police operation managed by Scott McLeod, a former F.B.I. man installed as security officer upon congressional insistence, was part of the vengeance.

If internal frictions arose, they could be handled by the 25,000-man Congolese army, the Force Publique, which had been trained and was still officered by white Belgians.

The classic example, considered by their American counterparts quite curious, was the maintenance of the internal comma in a British organisation of secret agents called the " Special Operations, Executive " — " S. O., E " — which is not found in histories written after about 1960.

The NAE felt that the regulation of the internal employment of churches was "... an improper intrusion the federal government ".

Unfortunately for internal politics, it was not.

In 1973, there was internal conflict over whether to call for the impeachment of Richard Nixon.

In 2005, there was internal conflict about whether or not a gag rule should be imposed on ACLU employees to prevent publication of internal disputes.

Athens's empire was not very stable, and only 27 years of war with the Spartans, aided by the Persians and internal strife, were able to defeat it.

Based on internal textual references, " Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye " apparently dates from the early 1820s, while When Johnny Comes Marching Home was first published in 1863.

Observation of electron tracks independent of the frequency of the incident photon suggested a mechanism for electron ionization that was caused from an internal conversion of energy from a radiationless transition.

Further investigation and theoretical work showed that the effect was a radiationless effect more than an internal conversion effect by use of elementary quantum mechanics and transition rate and transition probability calculations.

It was observed that E. coli deprived of glucose produce cAMP that serves as an internal signal to activate expression of genes for importing and metabolizing other sugars.

However his war against Baghdad was put on hold by more internal problems.

The 5200 was based on Atari Inc .' s existing 400 / 800 computers and the internal hardware was almost identical, although software was not directly compatible between the two systems.

Although the Atari 5200's internal design was extensively based on that of the 400 / 800 home computers, the differences were sufficient that games designed for one would not run directly on the other.

Sakharov was arrested on January 22, 1980, following his public protests against the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and was sent to internal exile in the city of Gorky, now Nizhny Novgorod, a city that was off-limits to foreigners.