The true origin of the blancmange is obscure, but it is believed that it was a result of the Arab introduction of rice and almonds in early medieval Europe.

* 1000 – The Arab Empire introduced agricultural innovations such as new forms of land tenure, improvements in irrigation, a variety of sophisticated irrigation methods, the introduction of fertilizers and widespread artificial irrigation systems, the development of gravity-flow irrigation systems from rivers and springs, the use of noria and chain pumps for irrigation purposes, the establishment of the sugar cane industry in the Mediterranean, and experimentation in sugar cultivation

The spread of chili peppers to Asia was most likely a natural consequence of its introduction to Portuguese traders ( Lisbon was a common port of call for Spanish ships sailing to and from the Americas ) who aware of its trade value, would have likely promoted its commerce in the Asian spice trade routes then dominated by Portuguese and Arab traders.

The Shahnameh provides a poetic account of the prehistory and history of Iran, beginning with the creation of the world and the introduction of the arts of civilization ( fire, cooking, metallurgy, law ) to the " Aryans " ( People living in the ancient Indian subcontinent ), and ending with the Arab conquest of Persia.

After Byzantine rule, Sicily was conquered by Arab and Berber peoples, resulting in the introduction of Islam into Sicily.

Traditional instruments reflect these widespread origins: the mandoliny and kabosy owe their existence to the introduction of the guitar by early Arab or European seafarers, the ubiquitous djembe originated in mainland Africa and the valiha — the bamboo tube zither considered the national instrument of Madagascar — directly evolved from an earlier form of zither carried with the first Austronesian settlers on their outrigger canoes.

In the introduction to thecablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the UN Secretary-General on 15 May 1948, the Arab League gave reaons for its intervention, On the occasion of the intervention of Arab States in Palestine to restore law and order and to prevent disturbances prevailing in Palestine from spreading into their territories and to check further bloodshed ,.

The origin of the lateen sail has often been attributed by scholars to the Indian Ocean and its introduction into the Mediterranean traditionally ascribed to the Arab expansion of the early-7th century.

One of its indirect outcomes was the introduction of paper to the west, via the Arab capture of Chinese paper makers.

Established between 2500 BCE to 2000 BCE, Ghana was centered in what is today Senegal and Mauritania, it was the first to benefit from the introduction of pack animals by Arab traders.

In the 1850s and 1860s, the quality of the ponies was noted to be declining, a result of poor choice of breeding stallions, and the introduction of Arab to improve the breed was recommended.

In the introduction to thecablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the UN Secretary-General on 15 May 1948, the Arab League gave reaons for its intervention:

Cecil Rhodes took a great liking to Marshall Hole and in 1901 had sent him on missions to Arabia to devise means for the introduction of Arab labour to Southern Rhodesia.

We recommend that, in the interests of the conciliation of the two peoples and of general improvement of the Arab standard of living, the educational system of both Jews and Arabs be reformed, including the introduction of compulsory education within a reasonable time.

The Liber Pontificalis, compiled from the 5th century onwards, attributed the introduction of several later customs to Miltiades, including not fasting on Thursdays or Sundays, although subsequent scholarship now believes the customs probably pre-dated Miltiades.

According to Joseph P. Schultz, modern scholarship " considers the Maccabean revolt less as an uprising against foreign oppression than as a civil war between the orthodox and reformist parties in the Jewish camp ", while John J. Collins writes that while the civil war between Jewish leaders led to the king's new policies, it is wrong to see the revolt as simply a conflict between Hellenism and Judaism, since " The revolt was not provoked by the introduction of Greek customs ( typified by the building of a gymnasium ) but by the persecution of people who observed the Torah by having their children circumcised and refusing to eat pork.

More recent scholarship includes V. Saunier's two-volume Sorbonne dissertation on the poet ( Paris, 1948 ), as well as three excellent critical editions by Eugène Parturier ( Paris, 1916, reissued 2001 with an introduction and bibliography by C. Alduy ), I. D McFarlane ( Cambridge, 1966 ) and Gérard Defaux ( Geneva, 2004 ).

" ABOUT THE JOURNAL: With a new look and a new editorial staff, the Children's Literature Association Quarterly continues its tradition of publishing first-rate scholarship in Children's Literature Studies ... Each issue features an editorial introduction, juried articles about research and scholarship in children's literature, and book reviews.

Hans-Josef Klauck in Apocryphal gospels: an introduction ( 2003 ) notes that " it has become almost canonical in twentieth-century scholarship to speak of three Jewish-Christian gospels: a Gospel of the Hebrews ( EvHeb ), a Gospel of the Nazaraeans ( EvNaz ) and a Gospel of the Ebionites ( EvEb )".

A landmark in Ruysbroeck scholarship was the translation into English in 1894 of Maeterlinck's essay that formed the introduction to his L ' Ornement des Noces Spirituelles de Ruysbroeck l ' Admirable.

The best introduction to his preoccupation with the relations between scholarship and science in the early modern period is perhaps () Defenders of the Text ( 1991 ).

His chief significance to American thought was his introduction of German scholarship and literature.

His credulity is perhaps best illustrated in his introduction to The Emancipation Of Massachusetts, which purports to examine the trials of Moses and to draw a parallel between the leader of the Israelite exodus from Egypt and the leadership of the Puritan clergy in colonial New England.

There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

The 21st chapter was omitted from the editions published in the United States prior to 1986 .< ref > Burgess, Anthony ( 1986 ) A Clockwork Orange Resucked in < u > A Clockwork Orange </ u >, W. W. Norton & Company, New York .</ ref > In the introduction to the updated American text ( these newer editions include the missing 21st chapter ), Burgess explains that when he first brought the book to an American publisher, he was told that U. S. audiences would never go for the final chapter, in which Alex sees the error of his ways, decides he has lost all energy for and thrill from violence and resolves to turn his life around ( a slow-ripening but classic moment of metanoia — the moment at which one's protagonist realises that everything he thought he knew was wrong ).

( A collection of 64 essays with many pieces from the Annales — the long introduction is excellent, and contains many good references ).

About a fifth of the law code is taken up by Alfred's introduction, which includes translations into English of the Decalogue, a few chapters from the Book of Exodus, and the " Apostolic Letter " from Acts of the Apostles ( 15: 23 – 29 ).

When one turns from the dombocs introduction to the laws themselves, it is difficult to uncover any logical arrangement.

Alfred's first translation was of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, which he prefaced with an introduction explaining why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this one from Latin into English.

After a short residence in Venice, he went to Rome in 1625 with an introduction from the Duke of Mantua to the late pope's nephew, Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, who employed him for a time in the restoration of ancient statues.

Among the changes starting in the 19th-century gold rushes was the introduction of words, spellings, terms and usages from North American English.

Apple has led development of many such efforts, from the introduction of the AirPort router to the development of the Zero configuration networking system and their implementation of it, Bonjour.

In the Restoration and eighteenth century, poetry written in couplets is sometimes varied by the introduction of a triplet in which the third line is an alexandrine, as in this sample from Dryden, which introduces a 6-5-6 triplet after two pentameter couplets:

They determined to reinvestigate the motion of γ Draconis ; the telescope, constructed by George Graham ( 1675 – 1751 ), a celebrated instrument-maker, was affixed to a vertical chimney stack, in such manner as to permit a small oscillation of the eyepiece, the amount of which ( i. e. the deviation from the vertical ) was regulated and measured by the introduction of a screw and a plumb line.

The flow of fresh water into the sea from approximately two-hundred rivers and the introduction of salt from the South builds up a gradient of salinity in the Baltic Sea.

Models expanded in the 20th century, leading to the widespread introduction of the contemporary recognizable form of full size buses from the 1950s.

One reason for the late attestation is that the Baltic peoples resisted Christianization longer than any other Europeans, which delayed the introduction of writing and isolated their languages from outside influence.

The game of Crown Green Bowls is looking to grow with the introduction of the Portuguese Masters in October and recent interest from Sky TV to re-televise the sport.

Since its introduction at games by the " Roar from 34 ", led by Wild Bill Hagy and others, in the late 1970s, it has been a tradition at Orioles games for fans to yell out the " Oh " in the line " Oh, say does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave " in " The Star-Spangled Banner ".

The mid-1950s saw the rapid introduction of diesel and electric rolling stock but the expected transfer back from road to rail did not occur and losses began to mount.

The introduction of simulcasts of the main bulletins on the channel was to allow the news bulletins to pool resources rather than work against each other at key times in the face of competition particularly from Sky News.

These require that all import, export, re-export and introduction from the sea of species covered by the Convention has to be authorized through a permitting system.

* Cushioned power – This was to announce the introduction of rubber mounts on the cowling of the 1967 model 150, in addition to the rubber mounts isolating the engine from the cabin.

A third introduction to the region occurred in 1884, when toads appeared in Jamaica, reportedly imported from Barbados to help control the rodent population.