The invention of the bicycle has had an enormous effect on society, both in terms of culture and of advancing modern industrial methods.

The invention of military submarines, during World War I, brought naval warfare to both above and below the surface.

Although 19th-century ethnologists saw " diffusion " and " independent invention " as mutually exclusive and competing theories, most ethnographers quickly reached a consensus that both processes occur, and that both can plausibly account for cross-cultural similarities.

Johnson ) have claimed precedence in this invention, but recent analysis of both his concrete and raw cement have shown that William Aspdin's product made at Northfleet, Kent was a true alite-based cement.

Among the non-scientific public, his fame spread more effectually by his invention in about 1815 of the kaleidoscope, for which there was a great demand in both the United Kingdom, France, and the United States.

His pleograph film camera has been patented already before the Lumière brothers ' invention and he is credited as the author of the earliest surviving Polish documentary titled Ślizgawka w Łazienkach ( Skating-rink in the Royal Baths ), as well as the first short narrative films Powrót birbanta ( Rake's return home ) and Przygoda dorożkarza ( Cabman's Adventure ), both created in 1902.

However, John Painter states that placing the blame for the siege of Jerusalem on the death of James is perhaps an early Christian invention that predates both Origen and Eusebius and that it likely existed in the traditions to which they were both exposed.

Before the invention of woodblock printing in China or by moveable type in a printing press in Europe, all written documents had to be both produced and reproduced by hand.

This practical development, mastery, and experimentation with lenses led directly to the invention of the compound optical microscope around 1595, and the refracting telescope in 1608, both of which appeared in the spectacle making centres in the Netherlands.

The invention of the piston and rotary valve by Heinrich Stölzel and Friedrich Blühmel, both Silesians, in 1815, was the first in a series of innovations, including the development of modern keywork for the flute by Theobald Boehm and the innovations of Adolphe Sax in the woodwinds.

The 19th century saw the invention of " programmable " looms and player piano scrolls, both of which implemented examples of domain-specific languages.

It is not clear whether this was a case of imitation, parallel invention, or if both were based on the earlier Napoleonic cuirassier.

Edison for many years used the " hill-and-dale " method with both cylinder and disc records, and Emile Berliner is credited with the invention of the lateral cut Gramophone record in 1887.

The Renaissance was, as its name implies, a period of renewal, invention, and rejuvenation of both music and instruments.

It is true that in order to obtain a patent you must disclose your invention so that others will be able to both make and use the invention, and, to obtain a patent in the United States, if you have any preferences you must likewise disclose your preferences.

Credit for invention of the steam turbine is given both to the British engineer Sir Charles Parsons ( 1854 – 1931 ), for invention of the reaction turbine and to Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval ( 1845 – 1913 ), for invention of the impulse turbine.

Fearing that there was a risk that the battle would end with the invention being declared unpatentable due to Heaviside's prior publication, they decided to desist from the challenge and buy an option on Pupin's patent for a yearly fee so that AT & T would control both patents.

It was the need to synchronize the scramblers that suggested to James H. Ellis the idea for non-secret encryption which ultimately led to the invention of both the RSA encryption algorithm and Diffie-Hellman key exchange well before either was reinvented publicly by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman, or by Diffie and Hellman.

His work included early telescopic studies elucidating the nature of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan, the invention of the pendulum clock and other investigations in timekeeping, and studies of both optics and the centrifugal force.

With the invention of the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) technique, DNA profiling took huge strides forward in both discriminating power and the ability to recover information from very small ( or degraded ) starting samples.

The invention of the printing press in the 15th century played a major role in the rapid spread of the Protestant Reformation under leaders such as Martin Luther and John Calvin.

The disparity between the apparent value of the painting and the poor estate of Millet's surviving family was a major impetus in the invention of the droit de suite, intended to compensate artists or their heirs when works are resold.

This game was not the " invention " of the forward pass but it was the first major contest in which a team used the forward pass regularly throughout the game.

The invention of the compact cassette in the 1960s, followed by Sony's Walkman, gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and the invention of digital recording and the compact disc in 1983 brought massive improvements in ruggedness and quality.

Richard Hell's more androgynous, ragamuffin look — and reputed invention of the safety-pin aesthetic — was a major influence on Sex Pistols impresario Malcolm McLaren and, in turn, British punk style.

From an even broader scientific and technological perspective, in the 50-year history of the laser since its first demonstration in 1960, the invention and development of excimer laser lithography has been highlighted as one of the major milestones.

Parsons had the satisfaction of seeing his invention adopted for all major world power stations, and the size of generators had increased from his first 7. 5 kW set up to units of 50, 000 kW capacity.

There were four major factors for this animosity: Paine denied that the Bible was a sacred, inspired text ; he argued that Christianity was a human invention ; his ability to command a large readership frightened those in power ; and his irreverent and satirical style of writing about Christianity and the Bible offended many believers.

From an even broader scientific perspective, since the invention of the laser in 1960, the development of excimer laser lithography has been highlighted as one of the major milestones in the 50-year history of the laser.

One of the first major films to use anachronism was Buster Keaton's The Three Ages, which included the invention of Stone Age baseball and modern traffic problems in classical Rome.

The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized this crop's production, and it quickly became South Carolina's major export.

Another major invention in Sketchpad was that it let the user easily constrain geometric properties in the drawing — for instance, the length of a line or the angle between two lines could be fixed.

Corinthian vase depicting Perseus, Andromeda ( mythology ) | Andromeda and Ketos ; the names are written in the archaic Greek alphabet. Simonides was popularly accredited with the invention of four letters of the revised alphabet and, as the author of inscriptions, he was the first major poet who composed verses to be read rather than recited.

However, very few of these major works lack new technical ideas — simple examples being the introduction of communicable language in Meditations, the invention of a new percussion instrument ( the geophone ) for Des canyons aux etoiles ..., and the freedom from any synchronisation with the main pulse of individual parts in certain birdsong episodes of St. François d ' Assise.

The next major leap for paintball was the invention of airball.

The Abbasid period also coincided with two major innovations in the ceramic arts: the invention of faience, and of metallic lusterware.

But in the 10, 000 years since the invention of agriculture and its consequent major change in the human diet, natural selection has had too little time to make the optimal genetic adaptations to the new diet.

Following the invention and commercial introduction of the microphone, the electronic amplifier, the mixing desk and the loudspeaker, the recording industry gradually converted to electric recording, and by 1925 this technology had replaced mechanical acoustic recording methods for such major labels as RCA Victor and Columbia, and by 1933 acoustic recording was completely disused.

At the time of invention, both Hugh and Stanley Rockwell ( not direct relations ) worked for the New Departure Manufacturing Co. of Bristol, CT. New Departure was a major ball bearing manufacturer that, in 1916, became part of United Motors and, shortly thereafter, General Motors Corp.

Britain has had an impact on popular music disproportionate to its size, due to its linguistic and cultural links with many countries, particularly the United States and many of its former colonies like Australia, South Africa, and Canada, and its capacity for invention, innovation and fusion, which has led to the development of, or participation in, many of the major trends in popular music.

However, Gall ’ s major contribution within the field of neuroscience is his invention of phrenology.

A full range of glassblowing techniques was developed within decades of its invention and the two major methods of glassblowing are as follows:

Indeed, the German name of the latter, Bilsenkraut, may originally mean " Plzeň herb "; that this region was a major centre of beer brewing long before the invention of ( Reinheitsgebot-compliant ) Pilsener.

Later still, New York was the major American home for the punk rock and New Wave movements, and was the scene for the invention of both hip hop music and Latino salsa music.