DOCSIS + reduces theft-of-service vulnerabilities under BRS by requiring that the WMTS enforce encryption, and by employing an authenticated client / server key-management protocol in which the WMTS controls distribution of keying material to broadband wireless modems.

LMDS and BRS wireless modems utilize the DOCSIS + key-management protocol to obtain authorization and traffic encryption material from a WMTS, and to support periodic reauthorization and key refresh.

However, without the use of public-key cryptography, one may be left with undesirable key-management problems.

However, this introduces a key-management problem where all users must have the most recent public key for the server.

At the time it was being developed, a full, reliable connection-oriented protocol like TCP was considered to be too expensive to implement for most of the intended uses of AppleTalk.

AOL Instant Messenger ( AIM ) is an instant messaging and presence computer program which uses the proprietary OSCAR instant messaging protocol and the TOC protocol to allow registered users to communicate in real time.

The simplest, and original, implementation of the protocol uses the multiplicative group of integers modulo p, where p is prime and g is primitive root mod p. Here is an example of the protocol, with non-secret values in < span style =" color: blue "> blue </ span >, and secret values in < span style =" color: red "> boldface red </ span >:

A slave server uses an automatic updating mechanism of the DNS protocol in communication with its master to maintain an identical copy of the master records.

A DHCP client uses the DHCP protocol to acquire configuration information, such as an IP address, a default route and one or more DNS server addresses from a DHCP server.

The DECT data link layer uses LAPC ( Link Access Protocol Control ), a specially designed variant of the ISDN data link protocol called LAPD.

The network uses the AS 2805 protocol.

The Freenet protocol uses a key-based routing protocol, similar to distributed hash tables.

The 802. 11a standard uses the same data link layer protocol and frame format as the original standard, but an OFDM based air interface ( physical layer ).

For example, Microsoft's Outlook client uses a proprietary protocol to communicate with a Microsoft Exchange Server server as does IBM's Notes client when communicating with a Domino server, but all of these products also support POP, IMAP, and outgoing SMTP.

APOP is a challenge / response protocol which uses the MD5 hash function in an attempt to avoid replay attacks and disclosure of the shared secret.

More recently, Wikipedia has offered a secure login option, which, like many e-commerce sites, uses the SSL / ( TLS ) cryptographically based protocol to eliminate the cleartext transmission.

Although BB84 does not use entanglement, Ekert's protocol uses the violation of a Bell's inequality as a proof of security.

Each network interface uses this specialized computer software to enable data packets to be forwarded from one protocol transmission system to another.

The router uses External BGP to EBGP protocol routers in other ISPs, or a large enterprise Autonomous System.

* Subscriber edge router: Also called a Customer Edge router, is located at the edge of the subscriber's network, it also uses EBGP protocol to its provider's Autonomous System.

* Within an ISP: In the ISPs Autonomous System, a router uses internal BGP protocol to communicate with other ISP edge routers, other intranet core routers, or the ISPs intranet provider border routers.

* XML-RPC is an RPC protocol that uses XML to encode its calls and HTTP as a transport mechanism.

* JSON-RPC is an RPC protocol that uses JSON-encoded messages

* JSON-WSP is an RPC protocol that uses JSON-encoded messages

The protocol for new submissions ( MSA ) is effectively the same as SMTP, but it uses port 587 instead.

SDP uses attributes to extend the core protocol.

The rise of TCP / IP during the 1990s led to a re-implementation of most of these types of support on that protocol, and AppleTalk became unsupported as of the release of Mac OS X v10. 6 in 2009.

X. 25 was also part of an ISDN protocol called " Always On / Dynamic ISDN ", or AO / DI.

Although this market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking — and the TCP / IP protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.

X. 500 directory services were traditionally accessed via the X. 500 Directory Access Protocol ( DAP ), which required the Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI ) protocol stack.

LDAP was originally intended to be a lightweight alternative protocol for accessing X. 500 directory services through the simpler ( and now widespread ) TCP / IP protocol stack.

LDAPv3, first published in 1997, superseded LDAPv2 and added support for extensibility, integrated the Simple Authentication and Security Layer, and better aligned the protocol to the 1993 edition of X. 500.

The protocol provides an interface with directories which follow the 1993 edition of the X. 500 model:

Apple has supported this protocol from Mac OS X 10. 4 onwards, and a Windows driver based on Apple's implementation exists for Windows XP and newer versions.

Some of the protocol specifications were also available as part of the ITU-T X series.

PPP is commonly used as a data link layer protocol for connection over synchronous and asynchronous circuits, where it has largely superseded the older Serial Line Internet Protocol ( SLIP ) and telephone company mandated standards ( such as Link Access Protocol, Balanced ( LAPB ) in the X. 25 protocol suite ).

Packets radio use the AX. 25 ( Amateur X. 25 ) data link layer protocol, derived from the X. 25 protocol suite and adapted for amateur radio use.

AX. 25 was developed in the 1970s and is based on the wired network protocol X. 25.

From early 1980s the All Union Scientific Research Institute for Applied Computerized Systems ( VNIIPAS ) was working to implement data connections over the X. 25 telephone protocol.

SSH is a protocol that can be used for many applications across many platforms including most Unix variants ( Linux, the BSD's including Apple's OS X, & Solaris ), as well as Microsoft Windows.

The protocol is based on pairs of request / response PDUs ( protocol data units, or packets ) exchanged over OSI layer 4 ( TCP session or X. 25 SVC3 ) connections.

The implementations of traceroute shipped with Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFly BSD, and Mac OS X include an option to use ICMP Echo packets (- I ) or any arbitrary protocol (- P ) such as UDP, TCP, ICMP.

The X window system ( commonly X Window System or X11, based on its current major version being 11 ) is a computer software system and network protocol that provides a basis for graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) and rich input device capability for networked computers.