Heat of condensation ( work function ) plus kinetic energy of the electrons impinging on the anode.

The influence of mechanical action on the particles of free soil may be compared to that of kinetic energy on a molecular scale.

If such is the case, the particles within a distance of about Af of the Earth will have, relative to the Earth, a kinetic energy less than their potential energy and they will be captured into orbits about the Earth.

The older scales were based on theoretical estimates of the conversion efficiency of kinetic energy into light.

Nickel-iron meteorites with sufficient kinetic energy to produce large terrestrial explosion craters may nevertheless melt only small quantities of material.

Any quantity of energy absorbed by the electron in excess of this amount is converted to kinetic energy according to the conservation of energy.

In quantum mechanics, as a particle is localized to a smaller region in space, the associated compressed wave packet requires a larger and larger range of momenta, and thus larger kinetic energy.

Alpha particles have a typical kinetic energy of 5 MeV ( that is, ≈ 0. 13 % of their total energy, i. e. 110 TJ / kg ) and a speed of 15, 000 km / s.

Being relatively heavy and positively charged, alpha particles tend to have a very short mean free path, and quickly lose kinetic energy within a short distance of their source.

The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed.

When a projectile is thrown by hand, the speed of the projectile is determined by the kinetic energy imparted by the thrower's muscles performing work.

Upon ejection the kinetic energy of the Auger electron corresponds to the difference between the energy of the initial electronic transition and the ionization energy for the electron shell from which the Auger electron was ejected.

Until the introduction of gunpowder into western warfare artillery depended upon mechanical energy to operate and this severely limited the kinetic energy of the projectiles while also requiring the construction of very large apparatus to store sufficient energy.

For comparison, a Roman 1st BC century catapult using stones of 6. 55 kg fired with a kinetic energy of 16, 000 joules, while a mid 19th century 12 pound cannon firing projectiles of 4. 1 kg fired the projectile with a kinetic energy of 240, 000 joules.

The kinetic energy component was also developed separately as the XM8, though both the OICW and XM8 are now indefinitely suspended.

Moving water has an additional component added to account for the kinetic energy of the flow.

Mass dampers are frequently implemented with a frictional or hydraulic component that turns mechanical kinetic energy into heat, like an automotive shock absorber.

OICW Increment One is a program to develop a family of light kinetic energy weapons, OICW Increment Two is a program to develop the airburst grenade launcher as a standalone component, and OICW Increment Three will be a program to re-integrate the two components.

In the late 1990s the Heckler & Koch MP7 was conceptualized as the kinetic energy component of the SABR ( later XM29 ); the XM29 was put on hold, but the MP7 entered production in 2001

** XM8 rifle ( 5. 56 kinetic energy component )

An electron gun ( also called electron emitter ) is an electrical component that produces an electron beam that has a precise kinetic energy and is most often used in television sets and computer displays which use cathode ray tube ( CRT ) technology, as well as in other instruments, such as electron microscopes and particle accelerators.

The high energy content of the kinetic component of the structure also continually threatens to cause instant, catastrophic destruction if the containment systems fail.

In certain fiction, plasma weapons may also have a significant kinetic energy component, that is to say the ionized material is projected with sufficient momentum to cause some secondary impact damage in addition to causing high thermal damage.

* For the Earth and a just little more than this is ; the quantity is the height the ellipse extends above the surface, plus the periapsis distance ( the distance the ellipse extends beyond the center of the Earth ); the latter times g is the kinetic energy of the horizontal component of the velocity.

The KEI consisted of the Interceptor Component ( kinetic projectile ), the Mobile Launcher Component, and the Command, Control, Battle Management, and Communications ( C2BMC ) component.

Thus, as water moves over great distances, it retains a larger component of its kinetic energy by spending small portions of this energy flowing down a slight gradation.

We have also split the bare action S < sub > Λ </ sub > into a quadratic kinetic part and an interacting part S < sub > int Λ </ sub >.

The relevant Lagrangian, which essentially dictates how a system behaves, can be split up into kinetic and potential terms,

In this process, a neutron that has a kinetic energy in excess of 1 MeV can cause the nucleus of < sup > 238 </ sup > U to split in two.

Alternatively, the Pelton wheel — by deploying a split double cup ( in effect two cups side-by-side ), then splitting the impinging water-jet directly onto the common vane of the double cup — captured a stream's kinetic energy more efficiently.

For example, all types of potential energy are converted into kinetic energy when the objects are given freedom to move to different position ( as for example, when an object falls off a support ).

They also contribute to the desired effect of converting the ( kinetic energy ) push of the sloped wave face combined with the rider's mass on the sloped wave face ( potential energy ) into redirected energy-lift ( lift ( physics ))-the surfer deflects his surfboard and fins off the water of the wave face ( and / or vice-versa ) to make forward progress across the wave face, or " down the line ," that is, parallel to the wave crest and beach-riding parallel to the crest ( perpendicular to the pull of gravity down the wave's slope ) in this way is known as " trimming.

The goal of this phase is to efficiently translate the kinetic energy accumulated from the approach into potential energy stored by the elasticity of the pole, and to gain as much initial vertical height as possible by jumping off the ground.

Speeds much higher than the average speed were suppressed by the fact that kinetic energy is quadratic — doubling the speed requires four times the energy — thus the number of atoms occupying high energy modes ( high speeds ) quickly drops off because the constant, equal partition can excite successively fewer atoms.

Their kinetic energy is given off as excess heat.

Mendes said the camera provided the scene with a " kinetic ... off balance energy ".

For example, a frictionless roller coaster has constant total energy ; therefore it travels slower ( low kinetic energy ) when it is high off the ground ( high gravitational potential energy ) and vice versa.

The bullet may have a kinetic energy in the hundreds or even thousands of joules, which in theory is enough to lift a person well off the ground.

When the ball is released, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as the ball rolls up the track and drops off the top.

In 1890 Laval developed a nozzle to increase the steam jet to supersonic speed, working off the kinetic energy of the steam, rather than its pressure.

The model, which is an application of kinetic theory, assumes that the microscopic behavior of electrons in a solid may be treated classically and looks much like a pinball machine, with a sea of constantly jittering electrons bouncing and re-bouncing off heavier, relatively immobile positive ions.

Ricochet rounds can bounce off solid surfaces while retaining enough kinetic energy to penetrate flesh.

Her force field disperses energy assaults, reflects kinetic impact off itself, and even negates friction, making it impossible for anyone to hold on to her.

The ions react chemically with the materials on the surface of the samples, but can also knock off ( sputter ) some material by transferring some of their kinetic energy.

The purpose of the cushion rubber is to cause the billiard balls to rebound off the rubber while minimizing the loss of kinetic energy.

Normally, an inanimate rubber ball will slowly lose its kinetic force due to friction, gravity and bouncing off surrounding objects or walls, but Bouncing Boy can use his own muscles to his maintain velocity and power as he bounces about.

) they wanted to branch off of that .. So one night ZN and CH were getting high, building on life and studying, they looked at the clock and it was 11: 34 .. They had the same kinetic thought and 1134 was born into existence .. It made sense .. And it was fresh .. Both artists had a similar vision and began getting up together on Shaolin and began to draw the ire of many writers, local and around the city .. Other Shaolin associates such as GOAL, HEILS, VYELS, KEVS and OUCH ( RIP ) quickly joined forces with 1134 being the united representation of RTH and MIA.

Photochemical reactions rely on the splitting of molecules into constituent atoms, often with a significant portion of the kinetic energy carried off in the less massive particle with sufficiently high kinetic energy to escape.