Hirwaun moor, 4 miles to the north west of Aberdare, was according to tradition the scene of a battle at which Rhys ap Tewdwr, prince of Dyfed, was defeated by the allied forces of the Norman Robert Fitzhamon and Iestyn ap Gwrgant, the last Welsh prince of Glamorgan.

In addition to this, the final defeat of the uprising led by the Welsh prince, Owain Glyndŵr, in 1412 by Prince Henry ( who later became Henry V ) represents the last major armed attempt by the Welsh to throw off English rule.

Owain Glyndŵr (), or Owain Glyn Dŵr, ( c. 1349 or 1359 – c. 1416 ) was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welshman to hold the title Prince of Wales.

Although successful in terms of uniting the Welsh against their oppressors, the uprising eventually ran out of pace due to key home ground lost whilst chasing the English army towards London — Glyndŵr was last seen in 1412 and was never captured nor tempted by royal pardons and never betrayed.

* probable – Owain Glyndŵr, last Welsh Prince of Wales ( d. 1416 )

* Cadwaladr launches the last Welsh offensive against the Saxons in Britain.

It is Owain Glyndŵr, however, whom many Welsh people regard as being the last native Prince.

The Welsh launched several revolts against English rule, the last significant one being that led by Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century.

Meyrick scholarships, from the bequest of Edmund Meyrick in 1713, are awarded for academic merit where the student is a native of Wales ( or the child of a native of Wales ), able to speak Welsh or was educated for the last three years of secondary school in Wales.

In North Wales Edward I built a sequence of militarily powerful castles after the destruction of the last Welsh polities in the 1270s.

The very last native Welsh castles, built in the 1260s, more closely resemble Norman designs ; in the case of Dinas Bran including a round keep and Norman gatehouse defences.

The later Victorians built the Welsh Castell Coch in the 1880s as a fantasy Gothic construction and the last such replica, Castle Drogo, was built as late as 1911.

West Saxon occupation of the area did not last long, however, and may have ended as early as 584, the date of the battle of Fethanleag, according to the A. S. C., in which Cutha was killed and Ceawlin returned home in anger, and certainly by 603 when, according to Bede, Saint Augustine attended a conference of Welsh bishops " at St. Augustine's Oak on the borders of the Hwicce and the West Saxons ".

This went against the last half-century of precedent that Canterbury had jurisdiction over the four Welsh sees, a precedent that dated back to Anselm's days when Anselm had consecrated Urban as Bishop of Llandaff in 1107.

Geraint was the last recorded king of a unified Dumnonia, and was called King of the Welsh by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Roddy Radiation fronted and worked with several bands including The Tearjerkers ( a band that he had begun in the last months of The Specials ), The Bonediggers, The Raiders and Three Men & Black which included of Jean-Jacques Burnel ( The Stranglers ), Jake Burns ( Stiff Little Fingers ), Pauline Black ( The Selecter ), Bruce Foxton ( The Jam ), Dave Wakeling ( The Beat, General Public ) and Nick Welsh ( Skaville UK ).

The ITA was pressured, by a consortium of Welsh-speaking businessmen, into setting up a new North and West Wales region ; the ITA asked the Postmaster General to allow this, which he did, with strict provisos: the new service must not offer viewers in Wales a choice other viewers did not have, and at the last minute, the Postmaster General insisted that the new station should, on its own, produce ten-hours-a-week of programmes in Welsh, without relying on Welsh language programmes produced by Granada and TWW.

One of Anthony's last descendants is the young Welsh actor Owain Williams, star of the 2010 Christmas Matalan television advertisement.

The last improvement to the A40 on this section prior to the Welsh Assembly Government having the devolved responsibility for this road was a £ 8 million bypass around Whitland.

The Ancients should have been relegated from the Welsh Premier League in April 2005 after finishing in the bottom two, but were given a last minute reprieve by Cymru Alliance winners Buckley Town, who declined promotion.

He participated at qualifying stages of the German Masters, but lost in the second round 1 – 5 against Jimmy Robertson, White reached the last qualifying round of the Welsh Open, but was whitewashed by Ryan Day, and has qualified for the final stages of the China Open, by defeating Liu Chuang, Peter Lines and Dominic Dale.

won the cup again in 1895, but this was the last national trophy won for sixty years, until the Welsh Amateur Cup was won in 1955.

The city remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, Troadensis ; the seat is vacant following the resignation of the last bishop in 1971.

The last actual bishop was Matthias von Jagow ( d. 1544 ), who took the side of the Reformation, married, and in every way furthered the undertakings of Elector Joachim II.

* Universalis Ecclesiae, a bull of Pope Pius IX that recreated the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England, which had gone underground with the death of the last Marian bishop in the reign of Elizabeth I

* 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, subsequently, the first Archbishop of Prague.

* November 7 – Jón Arason, the last Catholic bishop of Iceland ( executed )

* April 15 – Denmark buys the Estonian island of Saaremaa from its last prince bishop.

* Venantius Fortunatus, bishop of Poitiers, one of the last representatives of Classical Latin poetry

* November 7 – Jón Arason, The last Icelandic Catholic bishop ( d. 1550 )

next to the last pilasters of the nave are two 14th century artworks, the funerary seal of bishop Baldracco Malabaila and the equestrian portrait of Arricino Moneta.

At the time of election, Cardinal Cappellari was not yet a bishop: he is the last man so far to be elected Pope prior to his episcopal consecration.

Van Nieuwland was succeeded by Godfried van Mierlo, who would be the last bishop in communion with Rome Haarlem would know for 300 years.

There is a difficulty as to the date of this prohibition ; either it was only a few months before Groote's death, or else it must have been removed by the bishop, for Groote seems to have preached in public in the last year of his life.

Either way, this bishop was last recorded alive on 24 July 754, taking part in the iconoclastic Council of Hieria.

The seat has stood vacant since the death of the last titular bishop in 2000.

Nicaea remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, Nicaenus ; the seat has been vacant since the death of its last bishop in 1976.

Finally, in 538 A. D., Belisarius, one of Justinian's generals routed the Ostrogoths, the last of the barbarian kingdoms, from the city of Rome and the bishop of Rome could begin establishing his universal civil authority.

The area was one of the last strongholds of ancient religion in Italy as is shown by the fact that Vicenza had no bishop til 590 CE.

F. Núñez de la Vega, bishop of Chiapa, says, in the preface to his Synodal Constitutions, that in the visit which he made to his diocese towards the end of the last century the late 1600s, he found many ancient calendars of the Chiapanese, and an old manuscript in the language of that country, made by the Indians themselves, in which it was said, according to their ancient tradition, that a certain person named Votan was present at that great building, which was made by order of his uncle, in order to mount up to heaven ; that then every people was given its language, and that Votan himself was charged by God to make the division of the lands of Anahuac.

In 1058, the last known Mozarabic bishop of Toledo, Pascual, was consecrated in León.

He served as the last bishop of Unity of the Brethren and became a religious refugee and one of the earliest champions of universal education, a concept eventually set forth in his book Didactica Magna.

According to the fourteenth-century chronicler, John of Fordun, Malcolm III, King of Scotland ( reign 1058 – 93 ) married his second bride, the Anglo-Hungarian princess, Saint Margaret, at the church in Dunfermline between 1068 and 1070 ; the ceremony was performed by Forhad, the last Celtic bishop of St Andrews.

Up to the last minute he begged him (" on his knees ", the Cardinal wrote ) not to break from Rome, but finally accepted that excommunication of the dissident bishop was unavoidable.

The last named bishop also bears the title of Isauropolis, the name of a city which also figures in the " Hieroclis Synecdemus ".

Before his exile to Patmos, John had been bishop of Ephesus for many years ; as the last surviving Apostle, he had pastoral authority over the other six churches as well, all of which were located along a major roadway leading from Ephesus.