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The last independent Duke of Guelders was Adolf's son Charles of Egmond ( 1467 – 1538, r1492 – 1538 ), who was raised at the Burgundian court of Charles the Bold and fought for the House of Habsburg in battles against the armies of Charles VIII of France, until being captured in the Battle of Béthune ( 1487 ) during the War of the Public Weal ( also known as the Mad War ).
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last and independent
BCS derived several important theoretical predictions that are independent of the details of the interaction, since the quantitative predictions mentioned below hold for any sufficiently weak attraction between the electrons and this last condition is fulfilled for many low temperature superconductors-the so-called weak-coupling case.
At various periods, and particularly during the Middle Ages, the citadel-having its own fortifications, independent of the city walls-was the last defence of a besieged army, often held after the town had been conquered.
He was the last Viceroy of India ( 1947 ) and the first Governor-General of the independent Union of India ( 1947 – 48 ), from which the modern Republic of India emerged in 1950.
By the mid-13th century Emirate of Granada was the only independent Muslim realm in Spain, which would last until 1492.
The last decades of the independent Commonwealth existence were characterized by intense reform movements and far-reaching progress in the areas of education, intellectual life, art, and especially toward the end of the period, evolution of the social and political system.
In the Report of the Committee dated 3 September 1947 to the UN General Assembly, the majority of the Committee in Chapter VI proposed a plan to replace the British Mandate with " an independent Arab State, an independent Jewish State, and the City of Jerusalem " ..., the last to be under " an International Trusteeship System ".
These were the last majority-Greek-speaking areas to be united with the Greek state, apart from Cyprus which was a British possession until it became independent in 1960.
This, the last nominally independent Judean kingdom, came to an end in 63 BCE with its conquest by Rome.
Pursuant to Article 158 of the Basic Law ( the constitutional instrument of the Region ), the power of final interpretation of the Law is vested not in the Court of Final Appeal but in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, which, unlike the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, is a political body rather than an independent and impartial tribunal of last resort.
It was developed by Nintendo in cooperation with the independent company Tose, and largely adopts the gameplay mechanics of its predecessor. Kid Icarus: Of Myths and Monsters remained the last installment in the series for over 20 years.
The Duchy remained fiercely independent and was one of the last areas of Europe to adopt Christianity.
* 1795 – Partitions of Poland: Stanislaus August Poniatowski, the last king of independent Poland, is forced to abdicate and is exiled to Russia.
His empire survived him in a fragmented manner until the last independent Greek king, Strato II, disappeared around 10 CE.
The Kingdom of Kandy was the last independent monarchy of Sri Lanka.
In April 1946, the last French officers were forced to leave Syria due to sustained resistance offensives ; the Levantine Forces then became the regular armed forces of the newly independent state and grew rapidly to about 12, 000 by the time of the 1948 Arab − Israeli War, the first of four Arab − Israeli wars between 1948 and 1986.
As the constructor of the First Temple in Jerusalem and last ruler of the united Kingdom of Israel before its division into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah, Solomon is associated with the peak " golden age " of the independent Kingdom of Israel as well as a source of judicial and religious wisdom.
In the last century it became an independent academic discipline and was separated from mathematics.
* Stanisław August Poniatowski ( 1732 – 98 ), the last king of independent Poland, a leading light of the Enlightenment in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and co-author of one of the world's first modern constitutions, the Constitution of May 3, 1791.
In 1590 Hideyoshi attacked the last independent daimyo in Japan, Hōjō Ujimasa.
Pitt's particular genius was to finance an army on the continent to drain French men and resources so that Britain might concentrate on what he held to be the vital spheres: Canada and the West Indies ; whilst Clive successfully defeated Siraj Ud Daulah, ( the last independent Nawab of Bengal ) at Plassey ( 1757 ), securing India.
With the capitulation of the Rugian Wends, the last independent pagan Wends were defeated by the surrounding Christian feudal powers.
Artashes Geghamyan was the last mayor of the Armenian SSR and Hambartsoum Galstyan, the first mayor of the newly independent republic.
* Vilcabamba, Peru, the last independent remnant of the Inca Empire, is conquered by Spain.
* Andriscus, last independent ruler of Macedon
last and Duke
The last Lord of Abensberg, Nicholas, supposedly named after his godfather, Nicholas of Kues, a Catholic cardinal, was murdered in 1485 by Christopher, a Duke of Bavaria-Munich.
However, Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry, and Princess Anne's last surviving child, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died six years later, after which it was unlikely she would have any more children due to her age and the large number of miscarriages she had previously suffered.
Vittoria, last descendant of the della Rovere family ( she was the only child of Federico Ubaldo ), married Ferdinando II de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
The last major game to make use of the Duke Nukem 3D source code was TNT Team's WWII GI in 1999.
Her last courtship was with Francis, Duke of Anjou, 22 years her junior.
After a promised Feast of Venus for Duke Alfonso I d ' Este of Ferrara, of which only drawings remain, his last work is fresco of Noli me tangere also in Pian di Mugnone.
The last event described in the last book ( Book 16 ) is King Canute VI of Denmark subduing Pomerania under Duke Bogislaw I, in 1186.
By 1433, as a result of the defeat of the last countess of Holland in the Hook and Cod Wars, the Duke of Burgundy had assumed control over most of the Dutch-speaking territories and the concept of a nation of Dutch-speaking people was conceived.
Charles the Bold, the last Valois Duke of Burgundy.
The death of Charles the Bold, the last Valois Duke of Burgundy, at the Battle of Nancy in 1477 was a pivotal, if under-recognised, moment in European history.
At least from the 13th century, there were seven electors: three spiritual ( the Archbishop of Mainz, the Archbishop of Trier, and the Archbishop of Cologne ) and four lay: ( the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony, and the Margrave of Brandenburg ; these last three were also known as the Elector Palatine, the Elector of Saxony, and the Elector of Brandenburg, respectively ).
* 1815 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.
In 1676, Legnica passed to direct Habsburg rule after the death of the last Silesian Piast duke, Georg Wilhelm ( son of Duke Christian of Brieg ), despite the earlier inheritance pact by Brandenburg and Silesia, by which it was to go to Brandenburg.
The last Duke abdicated in 1918, as monarchies fell throughout Europe.
" She was ready to meet her Creator ," wrote her son-in-law, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, about Maria's last years.
This, along with a general economical decadence, damaged the dukedom, and last Duke and Prince, Flavio ( March 4, 1620 – April 5, 1698 ) was forced by the huge debts to sell it to the Odescalchi and others.
Other close family relatives include Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who was a great-nephew of the last Tsarina.
He had a good relationship with his sister Elizabeth, who was a Protestant, albeit a moderate one, but this was strained when Elizabeth was accused of having an affair with the Duke of Somerset's brother, Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, the husband of Henry's last wife Catherine Parr.
Mary's dream of a resurrected Catholic Tudor dynasty was finished, and her popularity further declined when she lost the last English area on French soil, Calais, to Francis, Duke of Guise, on 7 January 1558.
Although fighting stopped after the preliminary peace in 1735, the final peace settlement had to wait until the death of the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone in 1737, to allow the territorial exchanges provided for by the peace settlement to go into effect.
His last appearance in the House of Lords was on 7 April 1778, on the occasion of the Duke of Richmond's motion for an address praying the king to conclude peace with America on any terms.
* November 16 – Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma ( b. 1848 )
* July 9 – Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma ( d. 1907 )
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