Also they oversaw the organization of festivals and games ( ludi ), which made this a very sought after office for a career minded politician of the late republic, as it was a good means of gaining popularity by staging spectacles.

After the fall of the Taliban in late 2001, India strengthened ties with the Islamic republic of Afghanistan by establishing consulates in most major Afghan cities.

Iran barely maintained its independence throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, being carved up into spheres of influence, invaded in 1917 and 1941, occupied between 1941 – 1946, subjected to Soviet attempts to create a separate Azerbaijan socialist republic in 1946, and having its government overthrown in 1921 and again in 1953.

Private libraries appeared during the late republic: Seneca inveighed against libraries fitted out for show by illiterate owners who scarcely read their titles in the course of a lifetime, but displayed the scrolls in bookcases ( armaria ) of citrus wood inlaid with ivory that ran right to the ceiling: " by now, like bathrooms and hot water, a library is got up as standard equipment for a fine house ( domus ).

The current usage of republic in Muslim countries is borrowed from the western meaning, adopted into the language in the late 19th century.

In 1947, King Michael I was forced by the Communists to abdicate and leave the country, Romania was proclaimed a republic, and remained under direct military and economic control of the USSR until the late 1950s.

As the titular nationalities of the other fourteen union republics began to call for greater republic rights in the late 1980s, however, ethnic Russians also began to demand the creation or strengthening of various specifically Russian institutions in the RSFSR.

See List of Roman legions for a catalogue of known late republic, early Empire and late Empire legions, with dates in existence, emblem and locations of deployment.

" This modern scientific word descends from a Latin scientific word in use in the late Roman republic of the 1st century BC: solstitium.

Unlike most Roman generals of the late republic, Catiline offered himself to his followers both as a general and as soldier on the front lines.

' Publius Valerius was not a late defender of the republic but one of its founders.

The concepts and vocabulary from which vulgare latinum descend were known in the classical period and are to be found amply represented in the unabridged Latin dictionary, starting in the late Roman republic.

Calhoun's frustration with congressional inaction, political rivalries, and ideological differences that dominated the late early republic spurred him to unilaterally create the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1824.

Tages was a founding prophet of Etruscan religion who is known from reports by Latin authors of the late Roman republic and Roman empire.

The sacred texts recording the revelations of Tages ( and a few other prophets, mainly a female figure known as Vegoia ) were called by the Romans the Etrusca Disciplina at least as early as the late republic.

Any unabridged Latin dictionary informs moderns that Marcus Tullius Cicero and his contemporaries of the late republic while using lingua Latina and sermo Latinus to mean the Latin language as opposed to the Greek or other languages, and sermo vulgaris or sermo vulgi to refer to the vernacular of the uneducated masses, regarded the speech they valued most and in which they wrote as Latinitas, " Latinity ", with the implication of good.

The term refers to the canonicity of works of literature written in Latin in the late Roman republic and the early to middle Roman empire: " that is to say, that of belonging to an exclusive group of authors ( or works ) that were considered to be emblematic of a certain genre.

The town was named after the Roman general and political leader Pompey by a late 18th-century clerk interested in the Classics in the new federal republic.

By the late republic and imperial times, and especially among the aristocracy, women were permitted to recline during meals.

R. Syme, ' A Political Group ', Roman Papers VII pp 568 – 87 ; C. Wirszubski, Libertas as a Political Idea in Rome in the late republic and early principate, Cambridge 1950 ; P. A.

Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends.

The Etruscans apparently lost power in the area by the late 6th century BC, and at this point, the Italic tribes reinvented their government by creating a republic, with much greater restraints on the ability of rulers to exercise power.

Brown was regarded as a somewhat secondary novelist by scholars in the cold war era who focused on normative aesthetic criteria and tended to ignore the wide scope of his writings, and their referential impact, but more recent and historically-oriented scholarship has established Brown as a leading writer and intellectual of the late enlightenment and early republic.

In late April 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson landed some 22, 000 troops in the Dominican Republic for a one-year occupation of the republic in an invasion codenamed Operation Power Pack, citing the threat of the emergence of a Cuban-style revolution in Latin America.

When, in late afternoon on the last day in June, he saw two people top the ridge to the south and walk toward the house, he quit work immediately and strode to his rifle.

Analysts saw the move as a continuation of the recovery drive that got under way late Monday afternoon when the list sank to a hoped-for `` support level '' represented by around 675 in the Dow Jones industrial average.

The late Secretary of State John Foster Dulles considered the 1954 Geneva agreement a specimen of appeasement, saw that resolution would be needed to keep it from becoming a calamity for the West.

The season saw an unbeaten run in the national league and the final season for Frank Rijkaard, while striker Patrick Kluivert came off the bench to score a late winner to beat AC Milan in the final of the Champions League.

The late 20th century also saw an expansion of the application of analytical chemistry from somewhat academic chemical questions to forensic, environmental, industrial and medical questions, such as in histology.

However, the late 1950s and early 1960s saw the onset of a lasting transformation of the city by the tourist industry.

The myth was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden (" Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands ", 1706 ), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital ( now Jakarta ) that was named Batavia.

The late Medieval period saw the recitation of certain hours of the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin, which was based on the Breviary in form and content, becoming popular among those who could read, and Bishop Challoner did much to popularise the hours of Sunday Vespers and Compline ( albeit in English translation ) in his ' Garden of the Soul ' in the eighteenth century.

The late 80s and 90s saw the rise of neural networks and connectionism as a research paradigm.

The years from approximately 1900 to the late 1940s saw very little in the way of crannog excavation in Scotland, while Ireland did witness some important and highly influential contributions.

The opening of Korea to foreign Christian missionary activity in the late 19th century saw some improvement in the status of the baekjeong ; However, everyone was not equal under the Christian congregation, and protests erupted when missionaries attempted to integrate them into worship services, with non-baekjeong finding such an attempt insensitive to traditional notions of hierarchical advantage.

The late Middle Ages saw reforms in accountancy and banking in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.

The late nineteenth century saw a period of economic and political upheaval.

The late twentieth century saw a flurry of creativity and innovation in the Chianti zones as producers experimented with new grape varieties and introduced modern wine-making techniques such as the use of new oak barrels.

However, the group saw its membership fall sharply in the late 1980s, as many centre-right members moved to the rival European People's Party group, dominated by the German CDU and the ideology of Christian democracy in general.

However, following his death and in the late sixteenth century, Reformation supporters saw Erasmus's critiques of Luther and lifelong support for the universal Catholic Church as damning.

The late 19th century saw increasing support for the home rule / independence movement, though not all people supported it.

The late Medieval period and the Renaissance saw the most prominent use of fresco, particularly in Italy, where most churches and many government buildings still feature fresco decoration.

As a composer, Schmidt was slow to develop, but his reputation, at least in Austria, saw a steady growth from the late 1890s until his death in 1939.

Independent from the British scene, the late 1970s and early 1980s saw death rock branch off from American punk in California.

Though it remained popular with mass audiences, late 17th-century Restoration critics saw Hamlet as primitive and disapproved of its lack of unity and decorum.

The late 18th century saw the beginnings of a fragmentation of the Church of Scotland that had been created in the Reformation.

The instrument is also played in Great Britain ( Wales, East Anglia, Northumbria ) and the U. S., where its traditional use in folk music saw a notable revival in the late 20th Century.

As late as 1861, a traveler in North Carolina saw dancers dressed in costumes that included horned headdresses and cow tails and heard music provided by a sheepskin-covered " gumbo box ," apparently a frame drum ; triangles and jawbones furnished the auxiliary percussion.

Feminists, beginning in the late 18th century with Mary Wollstonecraft in 1792 have criticized Rousseau for his confinement of women to the domestic sphere — unless women were domesticated and constrained by modesty and shame, he feared " men would be tyrannized by women ... For, given the ease with which women arouse men's senses ... men would finally be their victims ...." His contemporaries saw it differently because Rousseau thought that mothers should breastfeed their children.