in certain instances the denial to some of our citizens of equal protection of the law.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

For almost a hundred years we relied upon state courts ( subject to review by the Supreme Court ) for the protection of most rights arising under national law.

( c ) Ligeantia localis, by operation of law, when a friendly alien enters the country, because so long as they are in the country they are within the Sovereign's protection, therefore they owe the Sovereign a local obedience or allegiance ( R v Cowle ( 1759 ) 2 Burr 834 ; Low v Routledge ( 1865 ) 1 Ch App 42 ; Re Johnson, Roberts v Attorney-General 1 Ch 821 ; Tingley v Muller 2 Ch 144 ; Rodriguez v Speyer AC 59 ; Johnstone v Pedlar 2 AC 262 ; R v Tucker ( 1694 ) Show Parl Cas 186 ; R v Keyn ( 1876 ) 2 Ex D 63 ; Re Stepney Election Petn, Isaacson v Durant ( 1886 ) 17 QBD 54 );

The RABDF has responsibility for several different roles: internal security, prevention of drug smuggling, the protection and support of fishing rights, prevention of marine pollution, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, assistance to government programs, provision of relief during natural disasters, assistance in the maintenance of essential services and support of the police in maintaining law and order.

In addition to the regulation of the administrative procedure, the VwVfG also constitutes the legal protection in administrative law beyond the court procedure.

Cameroon is an active participant in the United Nations, where its voting record demonstrates its commitment to causes that include international peacekeeping, the rule of law, environmental protection, and Third World economic development.

A citizen came to be understood as a person " free to act by law, free to ask and expect the law's protection, a citizen of such and such a legal community, of such and such a legal standing in that community.

Corporate law at the time was focused on protection of the public interest, and not on the interests of corporate shareholders.

The law primarily uses the notion of the consumer in relation to consumer protection laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted to living persons ( i. e. not corporations or businesses ) and excludes commercial users.

In other countries, the protection is afforded by statute law.

The doctrines of autrefois acquit and autrefois convict persisted as part of the common law from the time of the Norman conquest of England ; they were regarded as essential elements of protection of the liberty of the subject and respect for due process of law in that there should be finality of proceedings.

In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on January 19, 1996, health minister Gerald Malone noted that the title doctor had never been restricted to either medical practitioners or those with doctoral degrees in the UK, commenting that the word was defined by common usage but that the titles " physician, doctor of medicine, licentiate in medicine and surgery, bachelor of medicine, surgeon, general practitioner and apothecary " did have special protection in law.

The United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office delivered a note to the Ecuadorian government in Quito reminding them of the provisions of the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 which allow the British government to withdraw recognition of diplomatic protection from embassies ; the move was interpreted as a hostile act by Ecuador, with Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño stating that this " explicit threat " would be met with " appropriate responses in accordance with international law ".

:: We are sensitive to the need for the courts to remain open to all who seek in good faith to invoke the protection of law.

Regional administrative agencies have mostly law enforcement, rescue and judicial duties: police, fire and rescue, emergency readiness, basic services, environmental permits and enforcement and occupational health and safety protection.

These advances were capped by a law that went into effect in early 1987 forbidding any discrimination on the basis of sex and providing protection against it.

The 14th Amendment provided for citizenship and equal protection under the law.

Gun ownership in Hong Kong and Macau is tightly controlled and possession are mainly in the hands of law enforcement, military and private security firms ( providing protection for jewelers and banks ).

During his time in office, a number of important laws were implemented, such as those giving women access to the justice system, and, after the assassination of Walter Rathenau, the law for the protection of the republic.

By law and Southern social convention, household heads were adult, white propertied males, and all white women and all African Americans were thought to require protection and guidance because they lacked the capacity for reason and self-control.

The procedures concern Hungary ’ s central bank law, the retirement age for judges and prosecutors and the independence of the data protection office, respectively.

The clearances followed patterns of agricultural change throughout Britain, but were particularly notorious as a result of the late timing, the lack of legal protection for year-by-year tenants under Scots law, the abruptness of the change from the traditional clan system, and the brutality of many evictions.

The foundation of the United Nations and the provisions of the United Nations Charter would provide a basis for a comprehensive system of international law and practise for the protection of human rights.

The process is private and confidential, possibly enforced by law.

* types of permissible disclosure-such as those required by law or court order ( many NDAs require the receiving party to give the disclosing party prompt notice of any efforts to obtain such disclosure, and possibly to cooperate with any attempt by the disclosing party to seek judicial protection for the relevant confidential information ).

A company can protect its confidential information through non-compete and non-disclosure contracts with its employees ( within the constraints of employment law, including only restraint that is reasonable in geographic and time scope ).

In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, confidentiality and trade secrets are regarded as an equitable right rather than a property right ( with the exception of Hong Kong where a judgment of the High Court indicates that confidential information may be a property right ).

" As Canadian law requires an ingredient list on each package, the amount of confidential information involved is limited.

Although Mason identifies Della as " my confidential secretary ", the projects he assigns her are entirely consistent with the law office work performed by experienced paralegals.

Lawyers are often required by law to keep confidential anything pertaining to the representation of a client.

In some jurisdictions the lawyer must try to convince the client to conform his or her conduct to the boundaries of the law before disclosing any otherwise confidential information.

The recent sharing of confidential UBS bank details about 285 clients suspected of willful tax evasion by the United States Internal Revenue Service was ruled a violation of both Swiss law and the country ’ s constitution by a Swiss federal administrative court.

# records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement records or information ( A ) could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement proceedings, ( B ) would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication, ( C ) could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, ( D ) could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source, including a State, local, or foreign agency or authority or any private institution which furnished information on a confidential basis, and, in the case of a record or information compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, information furnished by a confidential source, ( E ) would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions, or would disclose guidelines for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could reasonably be expected to risk circumvention of the law, or ( F ) could reasonably be expected to endanger the life or physical safety of any individual ;

In the common law, an answer is the first pleading by a defendant, usually filed and served upon the plaintiff within a certain strict time limit after a civil complaint or criminal information or indictment has been served upon the defendant.

He believed that the Endowment exists to promote information on the nations ' rights and responsibilities under existing international law and to encourage other conferences to codify this law.

Also growing more popular are ethnographies of professional communities, such as laboratory researchers, Wall Street investors, law firms, or information technology ( IT ) computer employees.

With this information they believe that they can better understand the proper way for rabbis to interpret and apply Jewish law to our conditions today.

Benford's law of controversy, as expressed by science-fiction author Gregory Benford in 1980, states: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real ( true ) information available.

Any person who felt himself wronged might lay an information before the Council of Areopagus, on declaring what law was broken by the wrong done to him.

Applied subjects include market and legal remedies to spread or reduce risk, such as warranties, government-mandated partial insurance, restructuring or bankruptcy law, inspection, and regulation for quality and information disclosure.

" It would be strange law that a person would not have a First Amendment right to use information that is available to everyone ," a three-judge panel said in its ruling.

This US federal law also gave students 18 years old or older, or students of any age if enrolled in any post-secondary educational institution, the right of privacy regarding grades, enrollment, and even billing information, unless the school has specific permission from the student to share that specific type of information with the parent.

FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.

They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance ( or closing a case ), and law enforcement officer information.

After 1941, he continued to publish works on the economics of information, political philosophy, the theory of law, and psychology, but seldom on macroeconomics.

For many reasons scholars today believe otherwise — for example, the gospel is based on Mark, and " it seems unlikely that an eyewitness of Jesus's ministry, such as Matthew, would need to rely on others for information about it "— and believe instead that it was written between about 80 – 90 AD by a highly educated Jew ( an " Israelite ", in the language of the gospel itself ), intimately familiar with the technical aspects of Jewish law, standing on the boundary between traditional and non-traditional Jewish values.

Other cache information, including the description, is protected by copyright law.

In law, interrogatories ( also known as requests for further information ) are a formal set of written questions propounded by one litigant and required to be answered by an adversary, in order to clarify matters of fact and help to determine in advance what facts will be presented at any trial in the case.

This enables border controllers and other law enforcement agents to process such passports quickly, without having to input the information manually into a computer.

Prior to 2001, U. S. law restricted trading such that insiders mainly traded during windows when their inside information was public, such as soon after earnings releases.

O ' Hagan was a partner in a law firm representing Grand Metropolitan, while it was considering a tender offer for Pillsbury Co. O ' Hagan used this inside information by buying call options on Pillsbury stock, resulting in profits of over $ 4 million.

It's information privacy law also provides exemptions that other European countries do not, for example in the way Trusts do not have to disclose as much information to Benficiaries about use of their personal data as is normally required under such laws.

In common law systems that rely on testimony by witnesses, a leading question or suggestive interrogation is a question that suggests the particular answer or contains the information the examiner is looking to have confirmed.

One of federal law enforcement ’ s surveillance tools is ‘‘ Project Carnivore ,’’ a Justice Department Internet surveillance program that is administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) to access information flowing to and from a central processing unit on a network connection.

When the analysis of this information supports the supposition of illegal use of the financial system, the FinTRACA works closely with law enforcement to investigate and prosecute the illegal activity.