The United States Copyright Office defines copyright as " a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States ( title 17, U. S. Code ) to authors of " original works of authorship ".

The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU ) is a nonpartisan non-profit organization whose stated mission is " to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States.

By the 1920s, each state in the United States had passed public laws that stipulated a certain day to be Arbor Day or Arbor and Bird Day observance.

Along with the Bill of Rights 1689, it remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the succession to not only the throne of the United Kingdom, but, following British colonialism, the resultant doctrine of reception, and independence, also to those of the other Commonwealth realms, whether by willing deference to the act as a British statute or as a patriated part of the particular realm's constitution.

For different reasons, various constitutionalists have praised the Act of Settlement: Henry Hallam called the act in the United Kingdom " the seal of our constitutional laws " and David Lindsay Keir placed its importance above the Bill of Rights 1689.

First: it " mandates that whoever is the sovereign of the United Kingdom is also, by virtue of this external fact, sovereign of Australia "; accordingly, changes to British succession laws would have no effect on Australian law, but if the British amendment changed the sovereign, then the new sovereign of the United Kingdom would automatically become the new sovereign of Australia.

* 2000 – United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping " an oppressive thumb " on its competitors.

In the United States, however, personally retained counsel have had a right to appear in all federal criminal cases since the adoption of the Constitution and in state cases at least since the end of the Civil War, although nearly all provided this right in their state constitutions or laws much earlier.

One of the last remaining Sunday closing laws in the United States that covers selling electronics, clothing and furniture is found in Bergen County, New Jersey.

The Supreme Court of the United States held in its landmark case, McGowan v. Maryland ( 1961 ), that Maryland's blue laws violated neither the Free Exercise Clause nor the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Under current laws the novel will remain under copyright protection until 2020 in the European Union and until 2044 in the United States.

With the transition from English law, which had common law crimes, to the new legal system under the U. S. Constitution, which prohibited ex post facto laws at both the federal and state level, the question was raised whether there could be common law crimes in the United States.

For example, a reception statute enacted by legislation in the state of Washington requires that " he common law, so far as it is not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, or of the state of Washington nor incompatible with the institutions and condition of society in this state, shall be the rule of decision in all the courts of this state.

During the drafting of the Indian Constitution, laws from Ireland, the United States, Britain, and France were all synthesized to get a refined set of Indian laws, as it currently stands.

Indian laws also adhere to the United Nations guidelines on human rights law and the environmental law.

Prior to the passage of the United States Constitution, several States passed their own various copyright laws between 1783 and 1787, the first state being Connecticut.

Under most countries ' laws ( for example, the United States and the United Kingdom ), copyrights expire at the end of the calendar year in question.

In the United States, corporations are generally incorporated, or organized, under the laws of a particular state.

The federal laws of the United States and local law may also be applicable sources of corporate law.

Laws in some other countries, such as the United States, recognize Canadian whisky as an indigenous product of Canada, and require that products labelled as Canadian whisky must satisfy the laws of Canada that regulate the manufacture of Canadian whisky for consumption in Canada.

Before civil rights laws were passed in the United States, Benjamin Mays noted that African Americans were the ‘ untouchables ’ of America.

Chapter 11 is a chapter of the United States ' Bankruptcy Code, which permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States.

Laws from every stratum of the laws of the United States pertain to environmental issues.

It approved the state's blue law restricting commercial activities on Sunday, noting that while such laws originated to encourage attendance at Christian churches, the contemporary Maryland laws were intended to serve " to provide a uniform day of rest for all citizens " on a secular basis and to promote the secular values of " health, safety, recreation, and general well-being " through a common day of rest.

However, while registration isn't needed to exercise copyright, in jurisdictions where the laws provide for registration, it serves as prima facie evidence of a valid copyright and enables the copyright holder to seek statutory damages and attorney's fees.

This is the case with all the distinctions of acts or forms of judgement, which provide the foundations for the laws of pure logic.

It is a metábasis because psychology cannot possibly provide any foundations for a priori laws which themselves are the basis for all the ways we should think correctly.

Many environmental laws also provide for criminal penalties for egregious violations.

Moreover, the new laws provide for pollution research, standard setting, contaminated site cleanup, monitoring, and enforcement.

The FBI's main goal is to protect and defend the United States, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

So far, franchise agreements are covered under two standard commercial laws: the Contract Act 1872 and the Specific Relief Act 1963, which provide for both specific enforcement of covenants in a contract and remedies in the form of damages for breach of contract.

The CTRN drafted laws to create republican institutions and to provide for independent political parties, national elections, and freedom of the press.

In October James gave orders for the lords lieutenants in the provinces to provide three standard questions to all members of the Commission of the Peace: would they consent to the repeal of the Test Act and the penal laws ; would they assist candidates who would do so ; and they were requested to accept the Declaration of Indulgence.

Some constitutions or fundamental laws provide for a head of state who is not only in theory but in practice chief executive, operating separately from, and independent from, the legislature.

He was able to provide a qualitative explanation of linear and spherical wave propagation, and to derive the laws of reflection and refraction using this principle, but could not explain the deviations from rectilinear propagation which occur when light encounters edges, apertures and screens, commonly known as diffraction effects.

Generally, when an excess line insurer writes a policy, it must, pursuant to state laws, provide disclosure to the policyholder that the policyholder's policy is being written by an excess line insurer.

International laws and treaties provide agreements which nations agree to be bound to.

Newton's three laws of motion, along with his law of universal gravitation, explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which were the first to accurately provide a mathematical model or understanding orbiting bodies in outer space.

The purpose of positive laws is to provide for " the safety of citizens, the preservation of states, and the tranquility and happiness of human life.

Each time a spouse invokes the application of foreign law, the process of divorce slows down, as the parties are directed to brief the issue of conflict of laws and provide translations of the foreign laws.

* That the laws of society should be made up only of the laws of God ( Sharia ), which cover " all human affairs " and " provide instruction and establish norms " for every " topic " in " human life.

While civil law systems have traditionally put great pains in defining the notion of private property, how it may be acquired, transferred, or lost, socialist law systems provide for most property to be owned by the state or by agricultural co-operatives, and having special courts and laws for state enterprises.

One view suggests that the motivation and purpose of the laws providing for the removal of Aboriginal children from their parents was child protection, with government policy makers and officials responding to an observed need to provide protection for neglected, abused or abandoned mixed-descent children.

Others have argued that natural evils are the result of the fall of man, which corrupted the perfect world created by God ; or that natural laws which are prerequisite for the existence of intelligent free beings ; or again that natural evils provide us with a knowledge of evil which makes our free choices more significant than they would otherwise be, and so our free will more valuable.